SAR131675 exhibits anticancer activity on human ovarian cancer cells through inhibition of VEGFR-3/ERK1/2/AKT signaling pathway.

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) is known to participate in tumorigenesis and lymphangiogenesis, and as such, has the potential to serve as a molecular target for cancer therapy. SAR131675 is a highly selective VEGFR-3 antagonist that has an inhibitive effect on lymphatic cell growth. However, the anticancer effects and underlying mechanisms of SAR131675 in ovarian cancer remain poorly understood.

VEGFR3 suppression through miR-1236 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer via ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways.

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) is expressed in cancer cell lines and exerts a critical role in cancer progression. However, the signaling pathways of VEGFR3 in ovarian cancer cell proliferation remain unclear. This study aimed to demonstrate the signaling pathways of VEGFR3 through the upregulated expression of miR-1236 in ovarian cancer cells.

Caveolae-dependent endocytosis mediates the cellular uptake of CdTe quantum dots in ovarian cancer cell lines.

Background And Purpose: Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals that are widely used in biology due to their good optical properties. QDs, especially cadmium-based QDs, play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer due to their intrinsic fluorescence. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the cellular uptake mechanisms of CdTe QDs in ovarian cancer cell lines.

SAR131675 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Induces Apoptosis through Bcl- 2/Bax/Cyto c Mitochondrial Pathway in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.

Background: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) can be used to inhibit cancer cell proliferation by targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) family. SAR131675 is a highly selective receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor to VEGFR3 that reveals the inhibitory effect on proliferation in human lymphatic endothelial cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are generally unclear.

Evidences for involvement of estrogen receptor induced ERK1/2 activation in ovarian cancer cell proliferation by Cadmium Chloride.

Cadmium (Cd) as a human carcinogen and one of the most toxic industrial and environmental pollutant mimics the estrogenic effects in cell proliferation. So, it might have a role in the incidence and etiology of hormone-related cancers such as ovarian cancer as the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. This study aimed to evaluate the estrogenic effect and underlying mechanism of Cd in ovarian cancer cell line proliferation.

Cadmium induces progesterone receptor gene expression via activation of estrogen receptor in human ovarian cancer cells.

Cadmium (Cd) as a metalloesterogen may have a role in development of ovarian cancer. One of the critical target genes of estrogens is progesterone receptors (PRs). There are controversial studies on association between Cd, PRs, and cell proliferation.

The protective role of melatonin in cadmium-induced proliferation of ovarian cancer cells.

Cadmium (Cd), a ubiquitous environmental and occupational pollutant, acts as a metalloestrogen to induce cell proliferation. It is suggested that Cd may also contribute to the development of estrogen-related cancers like ovarian cancer which is the most lethal cancer in women. Furthermore, it was shown that melatonin has antiproliferative effect on estradiol (E2)-induced proliferation.

Cadmium telluride quantum dots induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines.

Introduction: Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), especially those containing cadmium, have undergone marked improvements and are now widely used nanomaterials in applicable biological fields. However, great concerns exist regarding their toxicity in biomedical applications. Because of the lack of sufficient data regarding the toxicity mechanism of QDs, this study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of three types of QDs: CdTe QDs, high yield CdTe QDs, and CdTe/CdS core/shell QDs on two human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB468 and MCF-7.

Estrogen stimulates adenosine receptor expression subtypes in human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line.

Estrogen is a steroid hormone that plays a key role in the development and regulation of reproductive system. It has been shown that estrogen is related to breast cancer development through binding to its receptors. In order to uncover the estrogen effects on adenosine receptor expression, estrogen-positive MCF-7 cells were used to treat with agonist and antagonist of estrogen and then the mRNA expression of adenosine receptor subtypes were evaluated.

A2B adenosine receptor agonist induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer stem cells via ERK1/2 phosphorylation.

Purpose: It has been reported that cancer stem cells (CSCs) may play a crucial role in the development, recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer. Targeting signaling pathways in CSCs is considered to be a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer. Here, we investigated the role of the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) and its associated signaling pathways in governing the proliferation and viability of breast cancer cell line derived CSCs.

Leptin induces matrix metalloproteinase 7 expression to promote ovarian cancer cell invasion by activating ERK and JNK pathways.

Leptin, an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, induces cell invasion and metastasis. MMP7 is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family that plays an important role in cell invasion. Here we evaluate the possible role and underlying mechanism of MMP7 in the leptin-mediated cell invasion in ovarian cancer cell lines.

A3 adenosine receptor agonist induce G1 cell cycle arrest via Cyclin D and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 pathways in OVCAR-3 and Caov-4 cell lines.

Aim Of The Study: The cell cycle, a vital process that involves in cells' growth and division, lies at the heart of cancer. It has been shown that IB-MECA, an A3 adenosine receptor agonist inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest in several tumors. In this study, we evaluated the role of IB-MECA inhibition in cell cycle progression in ovarian cancer cells.

Apoptosis and cell cycle regulatory effects of adenosine by modulation of GLI-1 and ERK1/2 pathways in CD44 and CD24 breast cancer stem cells.

Objectives: Breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of tumour cells with the ability of self-renewal and resistance to chemotherapy. Targeting CSCs is a promising strategy for treatment of cancer. A recent study demonstrated that adenosine receptor agonists inhibit glioblastoma CSCs proliferation.

A3 Adenosine Receptor Agonist Inhibited Survival of Breast Cancer Stem Cells via GLI-1 and ERK1/2 Pathway.

Numerous studies have demonstrated the role of A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) and signaling pathways in the multiple aspects of the tumor. However, there is a little study about the function of A3AR in the biological processes of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs have a critical role in the maintenance and survival of breast cancer.

Alterations of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Expression Profile in Normal and Malignant Breast Tissues.

Background: The actions of Vitamin D in different tissues, including breast tissue, are mediated by vitamin D receptor (VDR). Vitamin D has antitumor functions in the body; any changes in VDR expression can therefore affect the anticancer activities of Vitamin D. The present study was conducted to compare expression levels of VDR mRNA and protein in normal and tumor breast tissues.

RhoA/ROCK pathway mediates leptin-induced uPA expression to promote cell invasion in ovarian cancer cells.

Previous studies have shown that leptin, an adipocyte-secreted hormone, stimulates ovarian cancer invasion. Here, we investigated the contribution of uPA in leptin-induced ovarian cancer cell invasion. The cell invasion and migration experiments were carried out using matrigel invasion and wound healing assays in ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR3, SKOV3and CaoV-3).

Gene expression profiles of CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 in malignant and normal breast tissues.

Active vitamin D has several antitumor effects, including prodifferentiative, antiproliferative and proapoptotic functions in a number of tissues via its binding to vitamin D receptor. The 24‑hydroxylase (CYP24A1) and 1‑hydroxylase (CYP27B1) enzymes are considered to be pivotal determinants of the local concentration of active vitamin D. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mRNA expression levels of the CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 genes in malignant and normal breast tissues.

The expression of CK-19 gene in circulating tumor cells of blood samples of metastatic breast cancer women.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Breast cancer in one third of all patients will go on to metastasis, which is the main cause of mortality in cancer cases. Tumor cells detach from primary tumor and enter into the circulation as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) which can form metastatic lesions.

Molecular expression of adenosine receptors in OVCAR-3, Caov-4 and SKOV-3 human ovarian cancer cell lines.

Adenosine receptors (A1, A2a, A2b and A3) have several physiological and pathological roles in cancer cell lines. The present study was carried out to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression profile and functional role of adenosine receptors in OVCAR-3, Caov-4 and SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell lines. The levels of mRNA and protein expression of A1, A2a, A2b and A3 adenosine receptors in the ovarian cancer cell lines were measured by Real-time PCR and western blotting.

Refinement of Strut-and-Tie Model for Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams.

Deep beams are commonly used in tall buildings, offshore structures, and foundations. According to many codes and standards, strut-and-tie model (STM) is recommended as a rational approach for deep beam analyses. This research focuses on the STM recommended by ACI 318-11 and AASHTO LRFD and uses experimental results to modify the strut effectiveness factor in STM for reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams.

Activation of A2b adenosine receptor regulates ovarian cancer cell growth: involvement of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3.

A2b adenosine receptor (A2bAR) acts as a potent regulator of cell growth in various cell lines. The present study was designed to understand the controlling mechanism of A2bAR agonist (NECA)-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Real-time PCR and western blotting assays were used to evaluate the gene and protein expression profiles of A2bAR, respectively.

Biomarkers for evaluation of prostate cancer prognosis.

Prostate cancer, with a lifetime prevalence of one in six men, is the second cause of malignancy-related death and the most prevalent cancer in men in many countries. Nowadays, prostate cancer diagnosis is often based on the use of biomarkers, especially prostate-specific antigen (PSA) which can result in enhanced detection at earlier stage and decreasing in the number of metastatic patients. However, because of the low specificity of PSA, unnecessary biopsies and mistaken diagnoses frequently occur.

Expression of adenosine receptor subclasses in malignant and adjacent normal human prostate tissues.

Background: Adenosine, a purine nucleoside plays important roles in the pathogenesis of cancer initiation and promotion via interaction with four adenosine receptors. In the present study we examined the differential expression pattern of adenosine receptors in the malignant and adjacent normal human prostate tissues.

Methods: Prostate cancer tissue samples and adjacent normal tissues were obtained from 20 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and histopathological diagnosis was confirmed for each sample.

Cadmium induces reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line.

Context And Objective: Although low concentrations of cadmium exposure may enhance growth of human cultured cells, high and long term of this heavy metal leads to cell death through apoptosis or necrosis. This study was conducted to define the underlying biochemical mechanism of Cd-induced cell death in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line.

Methods: The MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of CdCl2 and cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay.

Strut deformation in CFRP-strengthened reinforced concrete deep beams.

Strut-and-tie model (STM) method evolved as one of the most useful designs for shear critical structures and discontinuity regions (D-regions). It provides widespread applications in the design of deep beams as recommended by many codes. The estimation of bottle-shaped strut dimensions, as a main constituent of STM, is essential in design calculations.