Acute phase reactions in venom and fraction-induced acute kidney injury: the role of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways in rabbit and rabbit kidney models.

Background: This study examines the direct nephrotoxic effects of venom (RVV) and venom fractions in and isolated perfused kidneys (IPK) to understand the role of inflammation pathways and susceptibility to oxidative stress in venom or fraction-induced acute renal failure.

Methods: We administered RVV and its venom fractions (PLA, MP, LAAO, and PDE) to rabbits and in the IPK model. We measured oxidative stress biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GSH, and MDA) in kidney tissue, as well as inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10), MDA and GSH levels in plasma and urine.

Discovery of (Digenea: Encyclometridae) in a new host () from Thailand and Cambodia through morphological and molecular identification.

The genus is one of the two genera in family Encyclometridae, known for parasitising the oesophagus, stomach and intestine of snakes. Among , the species present are: , , and . Species discrimination within has predominantly relied on morphological differences, such as the length of the caeca and the position of the testes.

Redescription and new record of () (Nematoda: Trichuroidea) in the monocled cobra from central Thailand: morphological and molecular insights.

The parasitic nematode () De, 1998, found in the Indian cobra is redescribed and re-illustrated in the present study. The monocled cobra was discovered to be a new host for this parasite in central Thailand. A comprehensive description extending the morphological and molecular characteristics of the parasites is provided to aid species recognition in future studies.

Comparative compositional and functional venomic profiles among venom specimens from juvenile, subadult and adult Russell's viper ( ): correlation with renal pathophysiology in experimental rabbits.

Background: Eastern Russell's viper () is one of the most medically significant snakes responsible for the development of acute renal failure. However, variation of the clinical picture and renal pathophysiology following bites by young and adult have not been elucidated.

Methods: In this study, we analyzed the venomic profiles of at different maturation stages of juvenile, subadult and adult groups.

Proteomics and immunocharacterization of Asian mountain pit viper (Ovophis monticola) venom.

The venomic profile of Asian mountain pit viper Ovophis monticola is clarified in the present study. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, 247 different proteins were identified in crude venom of O. monticola found in Thailand.

The pathophysiological effects of Russell's viper () venom and its fractions in the isolated perfused rabbit kidney model: A potential role for platelet activating factor.

The pathophysiological effects of Russell's viper venom (RVV) and its fractions, including phospholipase A (RvPLA), metalloprotease (RvMP), L-amino acid oxidase (RvLAAO), and phosphodiesterase (RvPDE) on renal functions were investigated using the isolated perfused rabbit kidney (IPK) model. Moreover, whether their effects on renal alterations were promoted by platelet activating factor (PAF) was tested using the PAF receptor antagonist, WEB 2086. There was a marked reduction in the perfusion pressure (PP) and renal vascular resistance (RVR) 10 min after RVV administration (1.

The survey of internal parasites of consumed - Siamese cobra (Naja kaouthia) in Thailand.

In Asia and Africa, snake meat and organs are commonly prepared for consumption as traditional medicine or aphrodisiac regardless of the awareness of zoonotic diseases. Parasitic zoonosis can be contracted from the consumption of raw reptile and amphibian meat. Therefore to study this further, forty wild-caught Siamese cobras (Naja kaouthia) which were supplied to exotic restaurants in Thailand were randomized for fecal and blood examination as well as necropsy to dissect for the presence of parasites.