[Astrocytoma with 1p19q codeletion].

Using the example of a recurrent tumor with a 10-year follow-up, the authors show that mutation of the genes in astrocytomas is not always an early event in the pathogenesis of glioma, that in rare cases a 1p19q codeletion can be found in astrocytomas, and that IDH-mutant tumors can occur in childhood.

[Sarcomas of the central nervous systems. Clinical observations].

Here we report three patients with rare primary intracranial sarcomas, two of them were CIC-sarcomas and one was a -sarcoma. Tumors were examined using DNA methylation. It is important to study of CIC fusions and mutations in malignant brain tumors.

[Primary sellar neuroblastoma (clinical case and literature review)].

Neuroblastoma is a malignancy developing from the embryonic neuroblasts of sympathetic nervous system. Primary sellar neuroblastomas are extremely rare (there are currently only 11 case reports in the literature). Possible development of neuroblastoma in sellar region expands differential diagnosis of local processes due to inclusion of neuroblastoma into the spectrum of suspected tumors.

[Heterogeneity of tumor cells in glioblastomas].

Objective: To comprehensively assess the functional molecular biological status of different tumor cell populations in glioblastoma samples.

Material And Methods: The activity of Ki-67, Bcl-2, and BCL6 expression was determined in 20 tumor samples from patients with glioblastoma. After that, a spatial analysis of heterogeneity in the expression of these markers in different tumor cell populations was carried out using computer and software tools and calculating the percentage of cells (PC) expressing this marker (Ki-67 labeling index (LI)) and a modified histoscore in different cell clusters.

[Central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor without loss of nuclear expression of INI1].

The paper describes a clinical case of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor with preserved INI1 expression and SMARCA4 gene mutations in an 8-month-old girl. Genome-wide DNA methylation, hierarchical clustering, and next-generation sequencing were used to make a tumor diagnosis. However, BRG1 immunohistochemical examination may be recommended in the routine practice of diagnosis and study of childhood CNS malignant tumors.

[Efficiency of chronic apical periodontitis treatment with use of Granulotec endodontic sealer].

Aim: Efficiency assessment of Granulotec (PD) endodontic sealer for root canal permanent obturation in patients with apical granuloma basing on clinical and radiological data.

Material And Methods: Endodontic treatment of 35 teeth with apical granuloma was performed in 22 patients with root canal obturation by means of lateral condensation with Granulotec sealer. Bone remodeling in periapical area has been estimated in 1, 3, 6 and 8 months with PAI index.

[Surgical treatment of intramedullary-extramedullary ependymomas. Two clinical cases and a literature review].

Unlabelled: Ependymoma is a central nervous system tumor that grows from ependymal cells lining the cerebral ventricles, central canal of the spinal cord, and filum terminale. Regardless of the histological type of ependymomas, they rarely have exophytic growth. Because of an extremely low occurrence rate of this phenomenon, we present two clinical cases of patients with classical intramedullary ependymomas (Grade II) having an extramedullary component.

Basal ganglia germinomas in children. Four clinical cases and a literature review.

Unlabelled: Basal ganglia germinomas are a specific group of intracranial germinomas. Their early diagnosis is complicated due to their atypical localization and diversity of neuroimaging and clinical signs.

Material And Methods: We describe 4 cases of basal ganglia germinoma in boys of 13, 14, 15, and 16 years of age.

Are the medulloepithelioma, ependymoblastoma and embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes the same entity?

Medulloepithelioma is a rare malignant tumor arising in cerebral hemispheres. Microscopically, medulloepithelioma is characterized by epithelial structures that mimic the embryonic neural tube. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that tumor cells are immunopositive for LIN28A and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed an amplification of a miRNA cluster at 19q13.

Characteristics of medulloblastoma in children under age of three years.

We present a series of 51 medulloblastoma in children under three years, collected in N.N. Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute from 2000 to 2010.

[Multiple echinococcosis of brain, heart and kidneys].

The authors report a rare case of multiple echinococcosis (brain, heart and kidneys). Neuronavigation, intraoperative ultrasound scanning have allowed to plan exact and non-traumatic access to the cysts. Microsurgical technique and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring provided removal of seven cysts without their rupture from the left parietooccipital and right parietal area with good postoperative functional result.

[A new entity in WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system--embryonic tumor with abundant neuropil and true rosettes: case report and review of literature].

Embryonic tumor with abundant neuropil and true rosettes (ETANTR) is a very aggressive rare tumor with unique histologic and molecular features occurring in very young children. At present approximately 80 cases of ETANTR have been documented in the literature since first description in 2000. We report seven patients with ETANTR below 4 years of age who underwent surgical resection in the Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute between 2005 and 2010.

[The reaction of pulp vessels to various adhesive systems].

The reaction of pulp vessels to various adhesive systems was studied: qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pulse curves reflecting the pulp blood filling were studied. Study of the reaction of pulp vessels showed that acetone-containing adhesive systems immediately caused a constrictive reaction, while use of an acetone-free adhesive system led to the minimum changes in the functions of pulp vessels.

[10 years' experience of the operation of a nephrological day hospital].

For a decade 324 patients with nephropathy have been admitted to a day hospital for obtaining more accurate data on nephropathy activity, on the role of hemodynamic and metabolic factor in the disease progression. The treatment group patients received repeated courses of high-dose cytostatics and corticosteroids. Pregnant women at risk of nephropathy were given small doses of aspirin and curantil.

[Tumor progression as a factor of variability of diurnal rhythm of phosphorus metabolism in a tumor].

In a transplanted lymphosarcoma of rats by means of Cosinor method we discovered rhythm of P32 inclusions with ultradian and circadian periods. In the course of tumor growth changes of spectrum of periods, amplitudes and acrophases of rhythms take place. These shifts are explained by the progression and clonal structure of neoplasms.

[The prognostic significance of the histological characteristics of cerebellar astrocytomas in children].

The late term results of surgical treatment of cerebellar astrocytomas in children are compared with the specific features of the histological structure of the tumor and the volume of the surgical intervention. The authors distinguish the prognostically unfavourable characteristics of the histological structure of cerebellar astrocytomas (mitotic figures, even occasional, polymorphism of cells or nuclei, combination of dense cellularity with proliferation of endothelium in the vessels) which determine the prognosis in total or subtotal removal of the tumor. The index "volume of operation" acquires highest prognostic significance in subtotal removal of the tumor.

[Analysis of sequences from human brain cDNA gene bank which are functionally active in nervous tissue and tumor cells].

Construction of a human cortex cDNA bank is described as well as the isolation from this bank of pBH71 and pBH3 clones with preferential expression in nervous and in tumor cells. The clones can be included into the third class of cDNA according to Sutcliff's classification. The mRNA corresponding to this cDNA class is considered to play the key role in determination of specificity of nervous tissue.

[The prevention of the side effects of cytostatics by administering them at various times of day].

Rats bearing Pliss' lymphosarcoma revealed diurnal variations of body temperature. Cyclophosphamide and methotrexate were significantly less toxic when injected at peak temperatures than at minimal ones.

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of polychemotherapy of glial tumors of the brain].

A total of 85 courses of polychemotherapy were conducted in 23 patients after surgical treatment of malignant glial tumors. The efficacy of the treatment was checked by means of neurological, neuropsychological, and electroencephalographic methods of examination and radionuclide-gamma-tomography. The aggregate of these tests is necessary for detecting early signs of irresponsiveness of the tumor to chemotherapy and changing the treatment schedule.

[Biosynthesis and cellular localization of embryonal prealbumin in human embryonal tissues].

Immunofluorescent analysis of chorion sections and various embryonal tissues revealed localization of embryonal prealbumin (EPA) in the mesenchymal cells of the chorion, bones, umbilical cord, skin and in the cytoplasm of the epithelium distal part of the embryonal kidney canals. Synthesis of EPA slow peak in the suspension tissue culture of the chorion, umbilical cord and bones was shown. It is suggested that EPA is a mesenchyme product which is actively synthesized during the period of embryonal development.