Assessing Periodontal Health in Tobacco Users: A Salivary Analysis.

Background: The risk of periodontal disease is considered to be high among tobacco users compared to those not consuming tobacco in any form. A rise in salivary enzyme levels reflects the destruction of healthy tissues, making it a potential clinical biomarker. Thus, the aim was to assess periodontal health and examine salivary enzyme levels and their correlation with tobacco use.

Association of clinical signs of possible serious bacterial infections identified by community health workers with mortality of young infants in South Asia: a prospective, observational cohort study.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed guidance for community health workers (CHWs) in identifying sick young infants based on clinical signs. We conducted a prospective, observational cohort study to characterise mortality risk of young infants based on their clinical signs.

Methods: We conducted a population-based, prospective observational cohort study at five sites in Bangladesh (Sylhet, November 01, 2011-December 31, 2013), India (Vellore and Odisha, September 01, 2013-February 28, 2015), and Pakistan (Karachi, January 01, 2012-December 31, 2013; Matiari, March 01, 2012-December 31, 2013) to identify newborn infants who were followed-up by CHWs through 10 scheduled home visits over the first 60 completed days after birth to identify signs of possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI).

Microbiological Concordance of Subglottic Secretion and Tracheal Aspirate Cultures of Critically Ill Patients with Invasive Airway Devices: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is attributed to the microaspiration of pooled secretions around the cuff of airway devices. Despite the emphasis on the use of endotracheal tubes (ET) with subglottic secretion (SS) drainage ports to prevent VAP, the quality of the evidence for this recommendation remains moderate. This prospective observational study analyzed microbiological concordance between SS and endotracheal aspirate (ETA) cultures to generate further evidence in this regard.

Deciphering Co(III)-Catalyzed Oxidative C-H/C-H Annulation Towards Maleimide-Fused Imidazopyridine AEEgens.

A cobalt(III)-catalyzed dual C(sp)-H/C(sp)-H activation of 2-arylimidazopyridines and its annulation with N-substituted maleimides leads to polycyclic aromatic heterocycles. This sustainable oxidative annulation uses earth-abundant, less toxic, and cost-effective cobalt(III) catalyst that complement expensive 2nd and 3rd-row metals. This oxidative annulation features a broad substrate scope with very good functional group tolerance.

Solvent Dictated Organic Transformations.

Solvent plays an important role in many chemical reactions. The C-H activation has been one of the most powerful tools in organic synthesis. These reactions are often assisted by solvents which not only provide a medium for the chemical reactions but also facilitate reaching to the product stage.

Headache trajectories in children and adolescents with new onset continuous headache.

Background: New daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a challenging and understudied primary headache disorder with no known effective treatment. Although the International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria require that the new onset continuous headache be present for at least three months before diagnosing NDPH, the biologic basis for when a new, continuous headache starts to behave as NDPH is unknown, and some pediatric headache experts consider that the minimum duration criterion could be shorter.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed the intake questionnaires and medical records of 5-17 year-olds seen in neurology clinic for headache at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.

Rapid Detection of Explicit Volatile Organic Compounds for Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer Using MoSiN Monolayer.

In this study, we investigate the adsorption and sensing capabilities of pristine (MoSiN) and nitrogen-vacancy induced (MoSiN-V) monolayers towards five potential lung cancer volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as 2,3,4-trimethylhexane (CH), 4-methyloctane (CH), o-toluidine (CHN), Aniline (CHN), and Ethylbenzene (CH). Spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that MoSiN weakly adsorb the mentioned VOCs, whereas the introduction of nitrogen vacancies significantly enhances the adsorption energies ( ), both in gas phase and aqueous medium. The MoSiN-V monolayers exhibit a reduced bandgap and facilitate charge transfer upon VOCs adsorption, resulting in enhanced values of -0.

Endophthalmitis caused by : A diagnostic dilemma.

A 76-year-old male presented with pain, redness, and decreased vision in the left eye for 5 days. The patient had undergone combined cataract extraction and vitrectomy for a macular hole 2 weeks back. The vision had reduced to the perception of light in the left eye.

All trans retinoic acid-induced bilateral disc edema in a case of acute promyelocytic leukemia.

An 18-year-old female presented with sudden onset bilateral vision loss. Extensive retinal hemorrhages were seen in both eyes. Systemic examination lead to a diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Harnessing reductive BF-complexation Ru(II)-catalyzed N-O cleavage of isoxazoles.

Developed here is a highly fluorescent organic N,O bidentate BF complex from isoxazole in the presence of a Ru(II) catalyst. Herein, the complexation proceeds a selective N-O cleavage of the isoxazole ring. The complex shows absorption () in the range of 352-363 nm with an extinction coefficient () in the range of 8000-64 000 M cm, and fluorescence emission () in the range of 413-485 nm with a Stokes shift of 61-125 nm having quantum yield up to 33%.

Advancements, Challenges, and clinical implications of integration of metabolomics technologies in diabetic nephropathy.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a severe complication of diabetes, involves a range of renal abnormalities driven by metabolic derangements. Metabolomics, revealing dynamic metabolic shifts in diseases like DN and offering insights into personalized treatment strategies, emerges as a promising tool for improved diagnostics and therapies.

Methods: We conducted an extensive literature review to examine how metabolomics contributes to the study of DN and the challenges associated with its implementation in clinical practice.

A critical appraisal of the role of metabolomics in breast cancer research and diagnostics.

Breast cancer (BC) remains the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, despite significant advancements in its prevention and treatment. The escalating incidence of BC globally necessitates continued research into novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Metabolomics, a burgeoning field, offers a comprehensive analysis of all metabolites within a cell, tissue, system, or organism, providing crucial insights into the dynamic changes occurring during cancer development and progression.

CCADD: An online webserver for Alzheimer's disease detection from brain MRI.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) imposes a growing burden on public health due to its impact on memory, cognition, behavior, and social skills. Early detection using non-invasive brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) is vital for disease management. We introduce CCADD (Corpus Callosum-based Alzheimer's Disease Detection), a user-friendly webserver that automatically identifies and segments the corpus callosum (CC) region from brain MRI slices.

Can Aluminum Cations Promote Nucleation for THF Hydrate Growth?

Rapid nucleation of tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate is essential for developing a THF hydrate-based cold storage technology. Earlier works have hypothesized the role of aluminum complexes in initiating the nucleation of clathrate hydrates using aluminum metal electrodes and substrates. This study investigates if the nucleation promotional effect of hydrate can be achieved using the aluminum salt, AlCl, due to the formation of aluminum aqua complexes in water.

The neonatal gut microbiome and global health.

The role of gut microbiome in health, a century-old concept, has been on the center stage of medical research recently. While different body sites, disease conditions, and populations have been targeted, neonatal and early infancy appear to be the most suitable period for such interventions. It is intriguing to note that, unlike traditional use in diarrhea and maintenance of gastrointestinal health, microbiome-mediating therapies have now addressed the most serious medical conditions in young infants such as necrotizing enterocolitis and neonatal sepsis.

Photo-Induced Generation of Oxygenated Quaternary Centers via EnT Enabled Singlet O Addition to C3-Maleimidated Quinoxaline: A Reagent-Less Approach.

Demonstrated here is an external photo-sensitizer-free (auto-sensitized) singlet oxygen-enabled solvent-dependent tertiary hydroxylation and aryl-alkyl spiro-etherification of C3-maleimidated quinoxalines. Such "reagent-less" photo-oxygenation at Csp-H and etherification involving Csp-H/Csp-H are unparalleled. Possibly, the highly π-conjugated N-H tautomer allows the substrate to get excited by irradiation, and subsequently, it attains the triplet state via ISC.