Availability of the Great Saphenous Veins as Conduits for Arterial Bypass Surgery in Patients with Varicose Veins.

The great saphenous vein (GSV) has long been recognized as the best conduit for vascular bypass procedures. Concomitant varicose veins disease may be a reason for GSV unavailability either due to dilatation and tortuosity of the vein or due to its destruction during invasive venous treatment. -to assess the rate of varicose vein patients with concomitant lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) who have previously lost their GSV due to venous ablation.

Polymer-Based Conductive Nanocomposites for the Development of Bioanodes Using Membrane-Bound Enzyme Systems of Bacteria in Biofuel Cells.

The development of biofuel cells (BFCs) currently has high potential since these devices can be used as alternative energy sources. This work studies promising materials for biomaterial immobilization in bioelectrochemical devices based on a comparative analysis of the energy characteristics (generated potential, internal resistance, power) of biofuel cells. Bioanodes are formed by the immobilization of membrane-bound enzyme systems of VKM V-1280 bacteria containing pyrroloquinolinquinone-dependent dehydrogenases into hydrogels of polymer-based composites with carbon nanotubes.

A Study and Modeling of and Coculture Continuous Fermentation under Distal Intestine Simulated Conditions.

The diversity and the stability of the microbial community are associated with microecological interactions between its members. Antagonism is one type of interaction, which particularly determines the benefits that probiotics bring to host health by suppressing opportunistic pathogens and microbial contaminants in food. Mathematical models allow for quantitatively predicting intrapopulation relationships.

The Combination of In Vitro Assessment of Stress Tolerance Ability, Autoaggregation, and Vitamin B-Producing Ability for New Probiotic Strain Introduction.

The health benefits of probiotics are beyond doubt. The positive effects of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria on the function of many body systems have been repeatedly proven by various studies. To completely realize the potential of probiotic microorganisms, the strains should be tested by the greatest combination of characteristics that contribute to the wellness of the host.

A Study on the Synbiotic Composition of and Fructans from Roots and Tubers against .

A number of mechanisms have been proposed explaining probiotics and prebiotics benefit human health, in particular, probiotics have a suppression effect on pathogen growth that can be enhanced with the introduction of prebiotics. In vitro models enhanced with computational biology can be useful for selecting a composition with prebiotics from new plant sources with the greatest synergism. Water extracts from burdock root and Jerusalem artichoke tubers were purified by ultrafiltration and activated charcoal and concentrated on a rotary evaporator.

A quantitative model of Bacillus cereus ATCC 9634 growth inhibition by bifidobacteria for synbiotic effect evaluation.

The present study is dedicated to the development of novel criteria for assessing the synbiotic effect of prebiotic and probiotic composition against a specific pathogen. These criteria were obtained from the quantitative model of Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC 15703 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 9634 (as a model food contaminant) competition in co-culture fermentation. The model is based on the hypothesis that probiotics can reduce the specific growth rate of non-probiotics by producing short-chain fatty acids.

Halobacterium salinarum storage and rehydration after spray drying and optimization of the processes for preservation of carotenoids.

Spray drying is appropriate for the preservation of halophilic microorganisms due to the nature of these microorganisms, as they survive in adverse environmental conditions by being encapsulated in salt crystals. Artificial neural networks were in this study used to optimize practically significant spray-drying regimes of the C-carotenoids producer Halobacterium salinarum. Immediately after drying, the samples contained up to 54% halobacterial biomass and less than 5% moisture, and the level of preservation of carotenoids was 95-97%.

[Angina Recurrence After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Caused by the Coronary-Subclavian Steal Syndrome].

We present two cases of surgical treatment of patients with coronary artery steal syndrom and multifocal atherosclerosis, who previously underwent coronary artery bypass grafting using left internal mammary artery. In both cases carotid-subclavian bypass was performed through supraclavicular access using synthetic prosthesis. This method allowed to restore blood flow in the left internal mammary artery, eliminate recurrent angina pectoris, and improve patients quality of life.

Rotational study of the CH4-CO complex: Millimeter-wave measurements and ab initio calculations.

The rotational spectrum of the van der Waals complex CH4-CO has been measured with the intracavity OROTRON jet spectrometer in the frequency range of 110-145 GHz. Newly observed and assigned transitions belong to the K = 2-1 subband correlating with the rotationless jCH4 = 0 ground state and the K = 2-1 and K = 0-1 subbands correlating with the jCH4 = 2 excited state of free methane. The (approximate) quantum number K is the projection of the total angular momentum J on the intermolecular axis.

Rotational study of the NH3-CO complex: millimeter-wave measurements and ab initio calculations.

The rotational spectrum of the van der Waals complex NH3-CO has been measured with the intracavity OROTRON jet spectrometer in the frequency range of 112-139 GHz. Newly observed and assigned transitions belong to the K = 0-0, K = 1-1, K = 1-0, and K = 2-1 subbands correlating with the rotationless (jk)NH3 = 00 ground state of free ortho-NH3 and the K = 0-1 and K = 2-1 subbands correlating with the (jk)NH3 = 11 ground state of free para-NH3. The (approximate) quantum number K is the projection of the total angular momentum J on the intermolecular axis.

[Optimization of human walk speed at minimum energy expenditure--the function of leg own oscillation frequency on the transfer phase].

Equations were developed to determine the work of transferring the body gravity center for a unit mass in a path unit, and to estimate walk speed at a minimum energy expenditure. It was demonstrated that minimum energy expenditure can be achieved by walking at the pace that corresponds to leg own oscillation frequency.

[Adaptation of humans to walking in semi-hard and flexible space suits under terrestrial gravity].

The spacesuit donning-on procedure can be viewed as the combining of two kinematic circuits into a single human-spacesuit functional system (HSS) for implementation of extravehicular operations. Optimal human-spacesuit interaction hinges on controllability and coordination of HSS mobile components, and also spacesuit slaving to the central nervous system (CNS) mediated through the human locomotion apparatus. Analysis of walking patterns in semi-hard and flexible spacesuits elucidated the direct and feedback relations between the external (spacesuit) and external (locomotion apparatus and CNS) circuits Lack of regularity in the style of spacesuit design creates difficulties for the direct CNS control of locomotion.

[Biochemical profile of human-spacesuit interaction].

The article discusses and analyzes the issues of optimizing energy, kinematic and dynamic structures of the process of human-spacesuit system movement. Recommendations concerning system stabilization during posture acquisition and motion are made; the biomechanic requirement for spacesuit R&D is that joints with preset frequencies must be designed.

[Human walk in spacesuit as a self-oscillating process].

A series of 40 biomechanic and physiological tests of semi-rigid and flexible spacesuits as possible candidates for Moon explorations purposes were conducted with involvement of 20 volunteered subjects. Ability to walk in the spacesuits with the internal positive pressure of 0.4 kg/cm2 in the normal gravity was assessed simultaneously with energy expenditure for moving over preset distances.

[Temporal pattern of walking on various training facilities under the conditions of the earth's and simulated lunar gravity].

Eight test-subjects participated in 120 treadmill tests (drive power of 10 and 85 kW) aimed to compare the walking patterns at 1 and reduced gravity. The temporal pattern of steps was noted to change significantly on the low-power treadmill. On the strength of convergence of calculated and experimental data the suggestion has been made that the leg transfer movement follows the pattern of spontaneous oscillations.

[Polymorphism -930A > G of the cytochrome b gene is a novel genetic marker of predisposition to bronchial asthma].

Aim: To evaluate the link between promotional polymorphism -930A > G of the cytochrome b gene (CYBA) and onset of bronchial asthma; to examine effects of this locus on the risk of the disease development depending on the pro- and antioxidant action of environmental factors.

Material And Methods: We studied samples of DNA obtained from 214 healthy individuals and 215 patients with bronchial asthma treated in Regional Kursk Hospital. We used polymerase chain reaction and analysed polymorphism of restriction fragments lengths for genotyping of -930A > G polymorphism of CYBA gene.

Tobacco smoking, fruit and vegetable intake modify association between -21A>T polymorphism of catalase gene and risk of bronchial asthma.

Although oxidative stress is a cardinal feature of bronchial asthma, the role of interactions between environmental oxidant/antioxidant exposures and antioxidant genes in asthma aetiology has yet to be determined. The present study was conducted to investigate whether two common polymorphisms -21A > T and -262C > T of catalase (CAT) gene are associated with susceptibility to asthma in a Russian population and to test the hypothesis that the asthma risk attributed to CAT genotypes could be dependent on both oxidant (tobacco smoking) and antioxidant (fruit and vegetable intake) exposures. A total of 429 unrelated Russian individuals from Central Russia were recruited in the study, including 215 asthmatics and 214 sex- and age-matched healthy controls.

[Association of C242T and A640G polymorphisms in the gene for p22phox subunit of NADPH oxidase with the risk of bronchial asthma: a pilot study].

Genetic control of free radical oxidation, generation of reactive oxygen species, as well as of preoxidant and antioxidant balance in airway diseases, including bronchial asthma, is an important issue of the research in pulmonology. The present study is the first investigation of association between two common polymorphisms, C242T (exon 4) and A640G (3' untranslated region), within the NADPH oxidase gene (CYBA) and the risk of bronchial asthma. Samples of asthma patients (n =209) and healthy controls (n = 210) of Russian nationality were examined.

Higher energy states in the CO dimer: millimeter-wave spectra and rovibrational calculations.

New extensive millimeter-wave measurements of the 12C16O dimer have been made, and more than 300 new spectral transitions have been observed in the frequency range 81-135 GHz. A joint analysis of these and previous millimeter-wave data yielded the precise location of 33 new energy levels of A+ symmetry and 20 levels of A- symmetry. These energy levels are located at 8-18 cm(-1) above the zero-point level.

The relationship between polymorphisms in the glutamate cysteine ligase gene and asthma susceptibility.

The present study was designed to investigate an association of common -588C/T and -23G/T polymorphisms within glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit gene with susceptibility to bronchial asthma. A total of 435 ethnically Russian subjects were recruited in this study, including 221 patients with asthma and 214 sex and age matched healthy subjects. As previously reported, the -588C/T and -23G/T polymorphisms were completely linked.

[Heterozygosity of 198LEU mutant allele in glutathione peroxidase-1 gene as a risk factor of bronchial asthma associated with smoking].

Aim: To investigate whether smoking has a differential effect by Pro198Leu genotypes of the glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) gene on the risk of bronchial asthma (BA) in Russian population.

Material And Methods: DNA samples from 195 asthmatics and 167 healthy volunteers were genotyped for Pro198Leu polymorphism of the GPx1 gene by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length analysis.

Results: Smoking was significantly associated with an increased risk of non-allergic BA in males but not in females (p < 0.

Promoter polymorphism G-50T of a human CYP2J2 epoxygenase gene is associated with common susceptibility to asthma.

Background: Cytochrome P-450 2J2 (CYP2J2) has recently been shown to be an important enzyme in the metabolism of epoxygenase-derived eicosanoids that play important functional roles in pulmonary physiology and may contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma.

Study Objective: The focus of our pilot study was to evaluate whether common polymorphism G-50T within the proximal promoter of human CYP2J2 gene is associated with the susceptibility to bronchial asthma.

Design And Participants: A total of 429 unrelated Russian subjects were recruited in this case-control study, including 215 sex-matched and age-matched patients with asthma and 214 healthy control subjects.

Isotope effects in the CO dimer: millimeter wave spectrum and rovibrational calculations of (12C18O)2.

The millimeter wave spectrum of the isotopically substituted CO dimer, (12C18O)2, was studied with the Orotron jet spectrometer, confirming and extending a previous infrared study [A. R. W.

Using weighted global control for stabilizing patterned states.

A general method to control a desired patterned state in reaction-diffusion processes is presented. Weighted global control is aimed to keep weighted spatially averaged properties of state variable at preset values. It is shown that weighted global control creates a stable direction in the global space of system states and affects system dynamics globally.