Evaluating Glass Ionomer Cement Longevity in the Primary and Permanent Teeth-An Umbrella Review.

The aim of this umbrella review was to evaluate the longevity of glass ionomer cement (GIC) as a restorative material for primary and permanent teeth. Research in the literature was conducted in three databases (MedLine/PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus). The inclusion criteria were: (1) to be a systematic review of clinical trials that (2) evaluated the clinical longevity of GICs as a restorative material in primary and/or permanent teeth; the exclusion criteria were: (1) not being a systematic review of clinical trials; (2) not evaluating longevity/clinical performance of GICs as a restorative material; and (3) studies of dental restorative materials in teeth with enamel alterations, root caries, and non-carious cervical lesions.

How do climate change experiments alter plot-scale climate?

To understand and forecast biological responses to climate change, scientists frequently use field experiments that alter temperature and precipitation. Climate manipulations can manifest in complex ways, however, challenging interpretations of biological responses. We reviewed publications to compile a database of daily plot-scale climate data from 15 active-warming experiments.

Climate warming drives local extinction: Evidence from observation and experimentation.

Despite increasing concern about elevated extinction risk as global temperatures rise, it is difficult to confirm causal links between climate change and extinction. By coupling 25 years of in situ climate manipulation with experimental seed introductions and both historical and current plant surveys, we identify causal, mechanistic links between climate change and the local extinction of a widespread mountain plant (). Climate warming causes precipitous declines in population size by reducing fecundity and survival across multiple life stages.

The scaffold microenvironment for stem cell based bone tissue engineering.

Bone tissue engineering uses the principles and methods of engineering and life sciences to study bone structure, function and growth mechanism for the purposes of repairing, maintaining and improving damaged bone tissue. Scaffolds not only provide structural support for stem cells in cell adhesion and proliferation and bone formation, but also serve as a microenvironment for guiding stem cell differentiation and tissue regeneration and for controlling tissue structure. This review presents the research status of the scaffold microenvironment for bone-related stem cells based on bone tissue engineering.

Temperature response of soil respiration largely unaltered with experimental warming.

The respiratory release of carbon dioxide (CO) from soil is a major yet poorly understood flux in the global carbon cycle. Climatic warming is hypothesized to increase rates of soil respiration, potentially fueling further increases in global temperatures. However, despite considerable scientific attention in recent decades, the overall response of soil respiration to anticipated climatic warming remains unclear.

Dengue virus NS1 protein activates cells via Toll-like receptor 4 and disrupts endothelial cell monolayer integrity.

Complications arising from dengue virus infection include potentially fatal vascular leak, and severe disease has been linked with excessive immune cell activation. An understanding of the triggers of this activation is critical for the development of appropriately targeted disease control strategies. We show here that the secreted form of the dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP).

Urinary apparatus tumours and asbestos: the Ramazzini Institute caseload.

Many studies have drawn attention to the possible association between occupational exposure to asbestos and tumours of the urinary apparatus. Besides the main etiological agents recognised today--such as smoking, obesity and hypertension--experimental and epidemiological evidence converges on the view that tumours of the kidney and bladder are largely due to occupational exposure to industrial agents: these and their transformation products linger in the body and are eventually eliminated by those organs. That one such agent targeting the urinary system is asbestos has found confirmation in the discovery of asbestos fibres in the urine of populations at risk.

[Adjuvant hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer at risk of carcinomatosis: preliminary experience of a single centre].

The treatment of patients at high risk of developing colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis is still debated since the absence of peritoneal disease synchronous with the primitive cancer makes the application of aggressive treatments less obvious. In this subset of patients hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), after the resection of the primitive cancer, may improve long-term survival. Over the period from December 2003 to June 2008 142 patients affected by different kinds of cancers underwent HIPEC in the surgical division of Bentivoglio Hospital, A.

Novel HDAC6 isoform selective chiral small molecule histone deacetylase inhibitors.

In an effort to identify HDAC isoform selective inhibitors, we designed and synthesized novel, chiral 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one and piperazine-2,5-dione aryl hydroxamates showing selectivity (up to 40-fold) for human HDAC6 over other class I/IIa HDACs. The observed selectivity and potency (IC(50) values 10-200 nM against HDAC6) is markedly dependent on the absolute configuration of the chiral moiety, and suggests new possibilities for use of chiral compounds in selective HDAC isoform inhibition.

The role of cetuximab in pre-treated refractory patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: outcome study in clinical practice.

We carried out a multicentric retrospective study on cetuximab + chemotherapy in pre-treated refractory patients outside clinical protocols, by registering the main clinical and pathological parameters. We evaluated 144 pre-treated patients. Cetuximab was administered usually in combination with irinotecan (93.

Endodermal sinus tumor of the omentum: case report.

We report a case of primary endodermal sinus tumor of the omentum in a 46-year-old woman. The patient had been referred to our hospital for pain in the right abdomen. CT scan revealed a right-sided abdominal mass.

Eight isolated cases of KBG syndrome: a new hypothesis of study.

We report on eight cases of patients affected by KBG syndrome (KBG stands for the initials of the affected patients in the original report), a rare genetic disease, that we find only in 40 cases mentioned in the scientific literature. In this work we present the minimum diagnostic criteria of diagnosis due to identify the syndrome and a hypothesis of study for the research of the involved factors.

Role of radiography and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of the pediatric gastro-esophageal reflux disease.

Twenty-four hour esophageal pH-monitoring is gold standard for evaluate pathological GERD. Role of radiography and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been studied. Our results have been shown that radiography and ultrasonography have a limited role in the diagnosis of pathological GERD.

Mesothelioma following exposure to asbestos used in sugar refineries: report of two cases and review of the literature.

We report two cases of pleural mesothelioma occurring simultaneously in a sugar refinery worker exposed to asbestos fibers and his wife, who used to wash his working clothes for at least 22 years. A review of the literature is also presented. While demonstrating the carcinogenic risk of asbestos used in sugar refinery plants, our data and those of the literature in no way reflect the real dimension of the risk.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cervical carcinoma: regulators of cell cycle, apoptosis, and proliferation as determinants of response to therapy and disease outcome.

To evaluate whether cellular markers predict the responsiveness to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in cervical cancer, 21 patients with stages I and II cervical carcinomas treated by NAC before surgery were followed up for a mean of 52.3 months. Pre-NAC biopsy and operative specimens were subjected to counting of apoptotic (AI/V) and mitotic (MI/V) indices, detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, and immunohistochemical analysis of cell cycle and proliferation markers (p21, p53, pRb, proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA], Ki-67) and multidrug resistance gene (MDR1), as related to NAC response (RAC), recurrence-free (RFS), and overall (OS) survival.

Pilot study on induction chemotherapy with cisplatin, epirubicin, etoposide and bleomycin in cervical cancer stage Ib, IIa and IIb.

Methods: Induction chemotherapy, consisting of 3 courses of cisplatin (30 mg/m2/i.v. 1st and 2nd day), epirubicin (30 mg/m2/i.

Hospital-at-Home for advanced cancer patients within the framework of the Bologna Eubiosia project: an evaluation.

Aims And Background: An evaluation of the Bologna Hospital-at-Home (BHH) was undertaken to examine the following aspects: 1) median daily costs of the BHH; 2) delivery of medical services; 3) patient satisfaction with the care received and frequency of requests for transfer to the alternative setting. Delivery of services and patient's satisfaction in the BHH were compared with data collected for a traditional hospital (Ospedale Sant'Orsola Malpighi, Bologna--OSM).

Methods: Our analysis was performed as a cost analysis considering two periods of time in 1992 and 1993/94.

[Home hospital for advanced stage cancer patients: costs and benefits].

15,290 patients have been treated in the Bologna home hospital (BHH) until June 30, 1996. The average daily costs in BHH were estimated as 118789 Liras (ranging from 108 569-129027 Lire depending on the nursing category). Care intensity and patient's quality of life in the BHH are high.

Combined chemo-immuno-hormonotherapy of advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Thirty-five patients (pts.) with advanced renal cell carcinoma were treated with a combination of vinblastine (5 mg/m2/IV) plus epirubicin (50 mg/m2/IV) every 3-4 weeks, alpha-2-A-interferon (9 x 10(6) U/IM 3 times in the 1st week, then 18 x 10(6) U/IM 3 times weekly), and medroxyprogesterone acetate (2,000 mg/os/day plus 500 mg IM/week). Thirty-one patients were males and 4 were females with a median age of 63 years (range 35-75) and median performance status of 70% (range 50-90%).

A phase II study of carboplatin and cyclophosphamide in advanced ovarian carcinoma.

Forty-two patients affected by either stage III and IV ovarian cancer with residual tumor after surgery or recurrent ovarian cancer entered a phase II study of the combination carboplatin 300 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 every 28 days. Thirty-eight patients were evaluable for response and of these 27 obtained complete or partial remission with a 71% overall remission (clinical complete remission 45%; partial remission 26%). Treatment tolerability was on the whole good.

Platelet synthesis of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products in type I and type II diabetes.

In 24 type I and 22 type II diabetic patients without vascular complications and in 25 controls platelet thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production (by radioimmunoassay-RIA) and 1-14C arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism (by high pressure liquid chromatography-HPLC) after thrombin stimulation were studied. Platelets both from type I and type II diabetics generated larger amounts of TxB2 (p less than 0.001) and PGE2 (p less than 0.

Altered intraplatelet arachidonic acid metabolism during the acute state of unstable angina.

Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) generation and 1-14C arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism by platelets (stimulated with thrombin) were studied in vitro in 16 patients with unstable angina both during the acute and chronic inactive phase of the angina. Eight patients with stable effort angina and 21 controls were also investigated. In acute unstable angina 1-14C AA metabolism was significantly increased through cyclooxygenase pathway resulting in a higher selective TxA2 generation than in stable effort angina and in controls (p less than 0.