Chikungunya Outbreak Risks after the 2014 Outbreak, Dominican Republic.

The 2014 chikungunya outbreak in the Dominican Republic resulted in intense local transmission, with high postoutbreak seroprevalence. The resulting population immunity will likely minimize risk for another large outbreak through 2035, but changes in population behavior or environmental conditions or emergence of different virus strains could lead to increased transmission.

Development of a Diagnostic IgM Antibody Capture ELISA for Detection of Anti-Cache Valley Virus Human IgM.

Cache Valley virus (CVV), a mosquito-borne orthobunyavirus, causes epizootics in ruminants characterized by congenital malformations and fetal death in North America. Only seven human infections have been identified; limited information exists on its potential as a human teratogen. Diagnosis of CVV infections relies on the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), which requires live virus, is time-consuming, and cannot differentiate between recent and past infections.

Consensus for management of sacral fractures: from the diagnosis to the treatment, with a focus on the role of decompression in sacral fractures.

Background: There is no evidence in the current literature about the best treatment option in sacral fracture with or without neurological impairment.

Materials And Methods: The Italian Pelvic Trauma Association (A.I.

Increase in Colorado Tick Fever Virus Disease Cases and Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Behaviors and Testing Practices, Montana, 2020.

In 2020, Montana, USA, reported a large increase in Colorado tick fever (CTF) cases. To investigate potential causes of the increase, we conducted a case-control study of Montana residents who tested positive or negative for CTF during 2020, assessed healthcare providers' CTF awareness and testing practices, and reviewed CTF testing methods. Case-patients reported more time recreating outdoors on weekends, and all reported finding a tick on themselves before illness.

Severe Arboviral Neuroinvasive Disease in Patients on Rituximab Therapy: A Review.

With increasing use of rituximab and other B-cell depleting monoclonal antibodies for multiple indications, infectious complications are being recognized. We summarize clinical findings of patients on rituximab with arboviral diseases identified through literature review or consultation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We identified 21 patients on recent rituximab therapy who were diagnosed with an arboviral disease caused by West Nile, tick-borne encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis, Cache Valley, Jamestown Canyon, and Powassan viruses.

Transfusion-Transmitted Cache Valley Virus Infection in a Kidney Transplant Recipient With Meningoencephalitis.

Background: Cache Valley virus (CVV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is a rare cause of disease in humans. In the fall of 2020, a patient developed encephalitis 6 weeks following kidney transplantation and receipt of multiple blood transfusions.

Methods: After ruling out more common etiologies, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed.

Duration of West Nile Virus Immunoglobulin M Antibodies up to 81 Months Following West Nile Virus Disease Onset.

West Nile virus (WNV) IgM antibodies typically indicate a recent infection. However, WNV IgM antibodies can remain detectable for months to years following illness onset. We found that 23% (11/47) of samples tested with a WNV ELISA and 43% (20/47) of samples tested with WNV microsphere immunoassay (MIA) at 16-19 months following WNV illness onset were positive for IgM antibodies.

West Nile Virus Transmission by Solid Organ Transplantation and Considerations for Organ Donor Screening Practices, United States.

West Nile virus (WNV) is the most common domestic arbovirus in the United States. During 2018, WNV was transmitted through solid organ transplantation to 2 recipients who had neuroinvasive disease develop. Because of increased illness and death in transplant recipients, organ procurement organizations should consider screening during region-specific WNV transmission months.

Frequency of Zika Virus Immunoglobulin M Antibody in Persons with West Nile Virus Infection.

West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are mosquito-borne viruses in the family . Residents in, and travelers to, areas where the viruses are circulating are at risk for infection, and both viruses can cause an acute febrile illness. Given known cross-reactivity in flavivirus serologic assays, it is possible a patient with acute WNV infection could be misdiagnosed as having ZIKV infection if appropriate testing is not conducted.

Fatal Human Infection with Evidence of Intrahost Variation of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, Alabama, USA, 2019.

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is an arbovirus in the family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, found in North America and associated with freshwater/hardwood swamps in the Atlantic, Gulf Coast, and Great Lakes regions. EEEV disease in humans is rare but causes substantial illness and death. To investigate the molecular epidemiology and microevolution of EEEV from a fatal case in Alabama, USA, in 2019, we used next-generation sequencing of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Persistence of IgM Antibodies after Vaccination with Live Attenuated Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vaccine-preventable, mosquito-borne disease. Substantial progress with JE control in Asia has been made during the past decade, with most endemic countries now having JE vaccination programs, commonly using live attenuated SA14-14-2 JE vaccine (trade name CD-JEV). If a child develops encephalitis during the weeks to months following CD-JEV vaccination and anti-JE virus IgM (JE IgM) antibody is detected in serum, the question arises if this is JE virus infection indicating vaccine failure, or persistent JE IgM antibody postvaccination.

Internal fixation of acetabular quadrilateral plate fractures in elderly patients: Could the fracture reduction quality affect their functional recovery?

Background: Osteoporotic acetabular fractures frequently involve the quadrilateral plate (QP), a flat and thin bone constituting the medial wall of the acetabulum. This study aims to assess the impact of the quality of osteoporotic QP fractures reduction on the patients' functional recovery, at 24 months follow-up.

Methods: Patients referring with osteoporotic QP fractures to our Level I trauma centre were prospectively recruited.

Evaluation for Arboviral Infection Among Children Hospitalized in Colorado With Aseptic Meningitis and Encephalitis.

Among 39 children hospitalized in Colorado with aseptic meningitis or encephalitis, 16 (41%) had an etiology identified, including 2 (5%) with West Nile virus infection. Despite extensive testing, no other arboviral infections were identified. Arboviral infection should be considered in children with neuroinvasive disease during arboviral season with testing directed toward viruses endemic to the region and type of exposure.

infection of shoulder joint after latissimus dorsi tendon transfer: A case report.

Infection rates of arthroscopic procedures have been consistently reported at approximately 1% and are even less common in shoulder arthroscopy (0.3%). We are unaware of any prior reports of infection associated with an arthroscopic-assisted latissimus dorsi transfer and report on a 60-year-old male who experienced this event.

Is the mid-diastolic isthmus always the best ablation target for re-entrant atrial tachycardias?

Aims: We evaluated the ability of an ultrahigh mapping system to identify the most convenient Rhythmia ablation target (RAT) in intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardias (IART) in terms of the narrowest area to transect to interrupt the re-entry.

Methods: A total of 24 consecutive patients were enrolled with a total of 26 IARTs. The Rhythmia mapping system was used to identify the RAT in all IARTs.

Structural Elucidation of Cisplatin and Hydrated -Diammineplatinum(II) Complex Conjugated with Cyanocobalamin by Liquid Chromatography with Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry and Multistage Mass Spectrometry.

Pt(II)-based derivatives bearing a cyanocobalamin (CNCbl) unit were synthesized in aqueous solutions, and the reaction mixtures were examined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization and linear ion trap mass spectrometry (MS). Isotopic pattern analysis, multistage mass-spectra (MS/MS and MS) interpretation, and differential isotopic labeling were used to establish the chemical composition and to suggest the chemical structures of reaction products. When cisplatin (-[PtCl(NH)]) was used as a Pt(II) drug derivative, a coordination bond between diamminemonochloroplatinum(II) and the cyano group of CNCbl, in turn linked covalently to the vitamin Co(III) ion, occurred.

Heartland virus infection in a heart transplant recipient from the Heartland.

Tick-borne infections represent a significant health risk each year in the United States. Immunocompromised patients are typically at risk of more severe disease manifestations than their immunocompetent counterparts. Here we report a case of a newly emerging phlebovirus, Heartland virus, in a heart transplant recipient.

Acetabular fractures: Is it possible to regain the same patient's related quality of life before trauma?

Introduction: acetabular fractures are difficult to treat with often an unsatisfactory results for patients. The aim of this study is to investigate about the health-related quality-of-life outcome of patients with a traumatic acetabular fracture, as recorded at least 24 months after their surgery.

Methods: a cohort of patients underwent a dedicated acetabular surgical reconstruction for a pelvic trauma between November 2011 and May 2016, were enrolled to investigate, at least two years after injury, their midterm quality of life; SF-36 and LiSat-11 were used.

Periprosthetic acetabular fractures: A New classification proposal.

Introduction: Acetabulum periprosthetic fractures are rare, but are increasing, due to increase in high-energy trauma and a decrease in mortality index. Reconstruction of an acetabular fracture, in the presence of hip arthroplasty can be very complex and represents a real challenge for orthopedic surgeon. Aim of this multicentric study is to classify periprosthetic acetabulum fractures and to propose a treatment algorithm.

Unlocked versus dynamic and static distal locked femoral nails in stable and unstable intertrochanteric fractures. A prospective study.

Introduction: Few clinical studies have analyzed the utility of distal interlocking screws in stable and unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated with intramedullary devices. We performed a prospective analysis comparing short unlocked versus short dynamic and short static distal locked intramedullary nails.

Materials And Methods: Nine level-II trauma centres were involved in the study.

Transmission of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus From an Organ Donor to 3 Transplant Recipients.

Background: In fall 2017, 3 solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients from a common donor developed encephalitis within 1 week of transplantation, prompting suspicion of transplant-transmitted infection. Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) infection was identified during testing of endomyocardial tissue from the heart recipient.

Methods: We reviewed medical records of the organ donor and transplant recipients and tested serum, whole blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissue from the donor and recipients for evidence of EEEV infection by multiple assays.