Diet-induced Obesity: Pathophysiology, Consequences and Target Specific Therapeutic Strategies.

Diet has emerged as a pivotal factor in the current time for diet-induced obesity (DIO). A diet overloaded with fats and carbohydrates and unhealthy dietary habits contribute to the development of DIO through several mechanisms. The prominent ones include the transition of normal gut microbiota to obese microbiota, under-expression of AMPK, and abnormally high levels of adipogenesis.

A prospective study on the effect of tumor shrinkage on exit fluence gamma pass rate in high precision radiotherapy and influence of phantom setup error in patient-specific quality assurance.

Purpose: Objective parameters for decision on adaptive radiotherapy depend on patient, tumor and treatment related factors. Present study reports geometric uncertainties occurring during high precision radiotherapy, beam fluence analysis and serial exit dose measurement as a patient-specific tool for adaptive radiotherapy.

Materials And Methods: Serial exit dose fluence of 24 patients (at baseline and mid-treatment) undergoing IMRT/VMAT treatment were measured.

Evolution and future prospects of hydropower sector in Nepal: A review.

Nepal is one of the pioneers of hydropower development among Asian countries. The plethora of fast-flowing rivers provides immense potential for hydropower generation. However, Nepal still lacks a clear blueprint for the overall development and management of this sector.

CRISPR/Cas system: A revolutionary tool for crop improvement.

World's population is elevating at an alarming rate thus, the rising demands of producing crops with better adaptability to biotic and abiotic stresses, superior nutritional as well as morphological qualities, and generation of high-yielding varieties have led to encourage the development of new plant breeding technologies. The availability and easy accessibility of genome sequences for a number of crop plants as well as the development of various genome editing technologies such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) has opened up possibilities to develop new varieties of crop plants with superior desirable traits. However, these approaches has limitation of being more expensive as well as having complex steps and time-consuming.

Performance evaluation of Monaco radiotherapy treatment planning system using CIRS Thorax Phantom: Dosimetric assessment of flattened and non-flattened photon beams.

Aim: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of different algorithms for flattening filter-free (FFF) and flattened (FF) photon beams in three different in-homogeneities.

Materials And Method: Computed tomography (CT) image sets of the CIRS phantom maintained in the SAD setup by placing the ionization chamber in the lung, bone, and tissue regions, respectively, were acquired. The treatment planning system (TPS) calculated and the ionization chamber measured the doses at the center of the chamber (in the three mediums) were recorded for the flattened and non-flattened photon beams.

Implementing conjunctive management of water resources for irrigation development: A framework applied to the Southern Plain of Western Nepal.

Climate variability and insufficient irrigation are primary constraints to stable and higher agricultural productivity and food security in Nepal. Agriculture is the largest global freshwater user, and integration of surface- and ground-water use is frequently presented as an strategy for increasing efficiency as well as climate change adaptation. However, conjunctive management (CM) planning often ignores demand-side requirements and a broader set of sustainable development considerations, including ecosystem health and economics of different development strategies.

Dosimetric Study Comparing 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT), Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) in Hypofractionated One-Week Radiotherapy Regimen in Breast Cancer.

Introduction Recently, the one-week hypofractionated radiotherapy regimen (26 Gy in 5 fractions) for adjuvant breast radiotherapy has been shown to be non-inferior to other hypofractionated regimens (15-16 fractions). The aim of the present dosimetric study is to compare Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT), Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) and 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) for a one-week hypofractionated radiotherapy regimen (26 Gy in 5 fractions) for adjuvant breast radiotherapy. Methods A total of 30 patients with histologically proven invasive carcinoma of the breast after breast conservation surgery (BCS) or modified radical mastectomy (MRM) were considered for planning study.

Gamma Index Analysis as a Patient-Specific Quality Assurance Tool for High-Precision Radiotherapy: A Clinical Perspective of Single Institute Experience.

Purpose Patient-specific quality assurance (QA) by gamma (γ) analysis is an important component of high-precision radiotherapy. It is important to standardize institute-specific protocol. In this study, we describe our institutional experience of patient-specific QA for high-precision radiotherapy from a clinical perspective.

Climate change and river health of the Marshyangdi Watershed, Nepal: An assessment using integrated approach.

Climate change alters the river flow regimes causing significant changes in the structure and function of an aquatic ecosystem, ultimately affecting river health. This study applied a customized framework consisting of 1-index, 4-components, 6-indicators, and 43-metrics, to assess river health for two seasons and future periods, in the Marshyangdi Watershed, Nepal. Hydrological, water quality, biological and physical conditions were assessed using simulated results from a hydrological model, physiochemical analysis of water samples, macroinvertebrates assemblages analysis, and physical habitat condition assessment, respectively.

An assessment of climate change impacts on water sufficiency: The case of Extended East Rapti watershed, Nepal.

An understanding of water sufficiency provides a basis for informed-planning, development and management of water resources. This study assessed spatio-temporal distribution in water sufficiency in the Extended East Rapti watershed in Nepal. The "Palika" (local government unit) is considered as a spatial-scale and seasons and future periods as temporal-scale.

Investigation of tube voltage dependence on CT number and its effect on dose calculation algorithms using thorax phantom in Monaco treatment planning system for external beam radiation therapy.

Introduction: The accuracy of dose calculation algorithms depends on the electron density and computed tomography (CT) number of medium scanned. Our study aimed to verify the impact of different CT scanning protocols on Hounsfield unit (HU) and effect on dose calculation algorithms.

Materials And Methods: CIRS thorax phantom with different density material plugs was scanned at varying tube voltages from CT scanner and HU values were measured in treatment planning system (TPS).

Evaluating impact of medium variation on dose calculated through planning system in a low cost in-house phantom.

: In radiotherapy, accuracy in dose estimation of dose calculation methods is critical. The influence of deformity on radiation dose calculations derived by planning system is evaluated in present study. The goal of study was to create a low-cost inhomogeneous phantom for measuring absorbed dose using an Ionisation chamber and Gafchromic film, which was validated using treatment planning system (TPS) dose outcome.

"MuCovid-21" study: Mucormycosis at an Indian tertiary care centre during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Mucormycosis has been reported in several Indian states with the second wave of COVID-19 from January 2021 onwards. This prospective study was conducted with the objective of defining the contribution or association of various known and many suspected factors in the incidence of this disease during the ongoing pandemic.

Method: The study included 464 adults with mucormycosis.

Rediscovery of Kurians types of Hymenoptera at Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India with notes on Indian bethylid fauna.

The types specimens of many taxa described by Chandy Kurian were considered lost for many years, which prevented the recognition of the species delimited by him. Fifty holotypes have been rediscovered in the National Forest Insect Collection of Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. Forty-five types belong to Bethylidae (Cephalonomia tritici, Chlorepyris biharina, C.

Modulation of interaction of BRCA1-RAD51 and BRCA1-AURKA protein complexes by natural metabolites using as possible therapeutic intervention toward cardiotoxic effects of cancer drugs: an approach.

Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) plays an important role in maintaining genome stability and is known to interact with several proteins involved in cellular pathways, gene transcription regulation and DNA damage response. More than 40% of inherited breast cancer cases are due to BRCA1 mutation. It is also a prognostic marker in non-small cell lung cancer patients as well as a gatekeeper of cardiac function.

Multiresponse Optimization of HPLC Method: Simultaneous Estimation of Protease Inhibitors and NNRTI in Human Plasma.

Multiresponse optimization approach to develop a simple isocratic, highly sensitive and accurate HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of Efavirenz, Atazanavir, Lopinavir and Ritonavir in human blood plasma along with carvedilol as an internal standard. Optimized the factors (ACN, buffer concentration and flow rate) effecting and interacting with the responses (k1, Rs2,1, Rs3,2 and tR5) applying Central Composite Design a chemometric tool. All the mathematical models as well as response surfaces were defined and derived for the separation using this strategy.

Recombinant Expression and Characterization of Lemon (Citrus limon) Peroxidase.

Background: Class III plant peroxidases play important role in a number of physiological processes in plants such as lignin biosynthesis, suberization, cell wall biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species metabolism and plant defense against pathogens. Peroxidases are also of significance in several industrial applications. In view of this, the production and identification of novel peroxidases having resistance towards temperature, pH, salts is desirable.

Natural Products as Anti-Cancerous Therapeutic Molecules Targeted towards Topoisomerases.

Topoisomerases are reported to resolve the topological problems of DNA during several cellular processes, such as DNA replication, transcription, recombination, and chromatin remodeling. Two types of topoisomerases (Topo I and II) accomplish their designated tasks by introducing single- or double-strand breaks within the duplex DNA molecules, and thus maintain the proper structural conditions of DNA to release the topological torsions, which is generated by unwinding of DNA to access coded information, in the course of replication, transcription, and other processes. Both the topoisomerases have been looked at as crucial targets against various types of cancers such as lung, melanoma, breast, and prostate cancers.

Mapping groundwater resiliency under climate change scenarios: A case study of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.

Groundwater resources of Kathmandu Valley in Nepal are under immense pressure from multiple stresses, including climate change. Due to over-extraction, groundwater resources are depleting, leading to social, environmental and economic problems. Climate change might add additional pressure by altering groundwater recharge rates and availability of groundwater.