Sporophyte-directed gametogenesis in Arabidopsis.

Plants alternate between diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte generations. In mosses, which retain features of ancestral land plants, the gametophyte is dominant and has an independent existence. However, in flowering plants the gametophyte has undergone evolutionary reduction to just a few cells enclosed within the sporophyte.

Endothelial TDP-43 depletion disrupts core blood-brain barrier pathways in neurodegeneration.

Endothelial cells (ECs) help maintain the blood-brain barrier but deteriorate in many neurodegenerative disorders. Here we show, using a specialized method to isolate EC and microglial nuclei from postmortem human cortex (92 donors, 50 male and 42 female, aged 20-98 years), that intranuclear cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes enables simultaneous profiling of nuclear proteins and RNA transcripts at a single-nucleus resolution. We identify a disease-associated subset of capillary ECs in Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal degeneration.

Serum pro-brain natriuretic peptide correlates with optical coherence tomography indices in diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: Serum pro-brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a 108-amino-acid prohormone that inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion, protecting pericytes from cell death and decreasing retinal vascularization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of serum pro-BNP with optical coherence tomography (OCT) indices in diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated 96 consecutive subjects aged between 40 and 65 years: controls n = 24, no diabetic retinopathy (NoDR) n = 24, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) n = 24, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) n = 24.

design of a mechano-pharmaceutical screening platform against formation of individual beta-amyloid oligomers.

Small molecules that can reduce the neurotoxic beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates in the brain provide a potential treatment for Alzheimer disease (AD). Most screening methods for small-molecule hits focus on the overall Aβ aggregations without a specific target, such as the very first association step (i.e.

Pluronics® F68 and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate 1000 tailored self-assembled mixed micelles to improve oral bioavailability of oleanolic acid: in vitro and in vivo characterization.

Oleanolic acid (OA) ischaracterized by its low water solubility, poor permeability and majorly metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes in the intestinal tract, particularly CYP3A, which contribute to the low oral bioavailability. OA has multiple pharmacological actions including hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antiviral effects. OA classified as a BCS IV drug which have restricted its potential clinical application.

Mortality Projections, Regional Disparities in the Burden of Neonatal Disorders, and the Status of Achieving SDG Targets by 2030 in South Asia: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Neonatal disorders represent a significant public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where they account for 79% of global neonatal mortality. South Asia, comprising countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan, bears a disproportionately high burden, contributing to 38% of the world's neonatal deaths. Despite notable progress, South Asia remains off track in meeting the Sustainable development goals (SDG).

Proximity-Mediated Multi-Ferroelectric Coupling in Highly Strained EuO-Graphene Heterostructures.

2D van der Waals materials and their heterostructures are a fantastic playground to explore emergent phenomena arising from electronic quantum hybridization effects. In the last decade, the spin-dependant hybridization effect pushed this frontier further introducing the magnetic proximity effect as a promising tool for spintronic applications. Here the uncharted proximity-controlled magnetoelectric effect in EuO/graphene heterostructure is unveiled.

Emergence and evolution of monkeypox virus: Epidemiology, pathology, clinical symptoms, preventative and treatment measures.

As the COVID-19 pandemic situation was on an end, a new monkeypox menace has been discovered in several places of the world. The most comforting thing is that the fatality rate of monkeypox is unlike Covid-19. But the recent global outbreaks and the rise in the number of cases has drawn attention of world towards it.

Palatal Perforation Due to Nasal Myiasis in a Patient With Atrophic Rhinitis: A Case Report.

Atrophic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic nasal disease characterized by atrophy of the nasal mucosa and turbinates. Occasionally, nasal myiasis complicates AR. This case illustrates an uncommon complication of nasal myiasis, palatal perforation.

Engagement, user satisfaction, and the amplification of divisive content on social media.

Social media ranking algorithms typically optimize for users' revealed preferences, i.e. user engagement such as clicks, shares, and likes.

Vision Loss in Neurocysticercosis: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Series.

Background And Purpose: Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by larvae that leads to various neurological symptoms, including vision loss. This systematic review analyzed cases of vision loss associated with neurocysticercosis to assess its etiology and vision outcomes.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, the review included reports on human subjects with vision loss due to neurocysticercosis and is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024556278).

Insights Into the Conformational Dynamics of the Cytoplasmic Domain of Metal-Sensing Sensor Histidine Kinase ZraS.

ZraS is a metal sensor integral to ZraPSR, a two-component signaling system found in enterobacters. It belongs to a family of bifunctional sensor histidine kinases (SHKs) and is speculated to sense zinc-induced stress on the bacterial envelope. Information on the structure-function relationship of sensor kinases is elusive due to the lack of full-length structures, intrinsically dynamic behavior, and difficulty trapping them in active state conformations.

ELF3 coordinates temperature and photoperiodic control of seasonal growth in hybrid aspen.

Timely growth cessation before winter is crucial for the survival of perennial plants in temperate and boreal regions. Short photoperiod (SP) and low temperature (LT) are major seasonal cues regulating growth cessation. SP, sensed in the leaves, initiates growth cessation by downregulating FLOWERING LOCUS T 2(FT2) expression, but how LT regulates seasonal growth is unclear.

Stomata-Photosynthesis Synergy Mediates Combined Heat and Salt Stress Tolerance in Sugarcane Mutant M4209.

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is an economically important long-duration crop which is currently facing concurrent heat waves and soil salinity. The present study evaluates an inducible salt-tolerant sugarcane mutant M4209, developed via radiation-induced mutagenesis of elite check variety Co 86032, under heat (42/30°C; day/night), NaCl (200 mM) or heat + NaCl (HS)-stress conditions.

Recent advances in Ugi reaction and its post-transformation strategies for crafting diverse indole frameworks.

Indoles and their fused analogues are ubiquitous structural scaffolds present in a plethora of bioactive natural products and pharmaceutical compounds, showcasing their importance in drug design and delivery. Since the discovery of isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs), especially the Ugi reaction, there has been exponential growth in the development of new methodologies based on the post-modification of the Ugi reaction. This has led to the creation of diverse heterocyclic scaffolds, macromolecules, and natural products.

Antimicrobials in serious illness and end-of-life care: lifting the veil of silence.

Global rates of antimicrobial consumption increased by 65% between 2000 and 2015, by 16% between 2016 and 2023, and are estimated to increase by an additional 52% by 2030. Antimicrobial use and misuse remains high among people with serious illness and at end of life, despite scarce evidence of benefit. In addition, the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials at end of life further exacerbate antimicrobial resistance, which is a substantial public and global health concern.

Chronic Osteomyelitis of Patella in a Child.

Osteomyelitis, an infection of bone, commonly affects long bones. Chronic osteomyelitis of patella is a rare entity, and diagnosis is often delayed. We present a case of an 11-year-old boy with chronic osteomyelitis of patella who underwent treatment at our center.

Privacy-Aware Data Acquisition Under Data Similarity in Regression Markets.

Data markets facilitate decentralized data exchange for applications such as prediction, learning, or inference. The design of these markets is challenged by varying privacy preferences and data similarity among data owners. Related works have often overlooked how data similarity impacts pricing and data value through statistical information leakage.

A Drd1-cre mouse line with nucleus accumbens gene dysregulation exhibits blunted fentanyl seeking.

The synthetic opioid fentanyl remains abundant in the illicit drug supply, contributing to tens of thousands of overdose deaths every year. Despite this, the neurobiological effects of fentanyl use remain largely understudied. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a central locus promoting persistent drug use and relapse, largely dependent on activity of dopamine D1 receptors.

Simultaneous Presentation of Relapsed Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in a Patient With HIV: A Case Report.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a strong risk factor for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBL) and tuberculosis. Both DLBCL and tuberculosis can have remarkably similar clinical presentations, proving to be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We report the only known case of an HIV-infected individual who presented simultaneously with relapsed DLBCL in the form of spinal cord involvement and tuberculosis of the mesenteric lymph nodes.

Pathway of Healthcare for Breast Cancer among Women in an Eastern State of India: A Mixed Method Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, however the majority of them visit hospitals at the advanced stage. Knowledge of the pathway of care will aid in timely intervention and better prognosis.

Methods And Analysis: A mixed method cross-sectional study was conducted at AIIMS Patna among breast cancer patients.

Role of Neuropeptide B/W Signaling in Modulating Intracellular Calcium in Human Skin Fibroblasts.

Background: The neuropeptide B/W signalling system (NPB/W) has been identified in multiple body regions and is integral to several physiological processes, including the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. Recently, it has also been detected in human skin; however, its specific functions in this context remain to be thoroughly investigated. This study aims to identify the expression of neuropeptides B/W receptor 1 (NPBWR1) and neuropeptides B/W receptor 2 (NPBWR2) in human dermal fibroblasts of mesenchymal origin using genomic and proteomic techniques.

Going Above and Beyond: Achieving High Contrast and Higher Offset through Carbon Dot-Based diaCEST MRI Contrast Agent.

Diamagnetic CEST (diaCEST) MRI contrast agents (CAs) have recently gained immense popularity by virtue of the fact that contrast can be switched on or off by merely changing a few experimental parameters, even after the agent is administered. However, the low efficiency and small solute-solvent offset of the contrast-generating exchangeable protons have so far prevented them from becoming a practical option for in vivo applications. Low efficiency demands high dosage, while small offset invites unwanted interference from the endogenous metabolites present in the human body.

Mirrored Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor in a Mother-Daughter Duo With Mutations in the MEN1 Gene.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 1 syndrome may present with either of any or all neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), parathyroid and pituitary adenoma. There is a paucity of data on the intronic and exonic mutations in the MEN1 gene associated with the MEN1 syndrome. We present an interesting study of a mother-daughter duo of MEN1 who had a similar lesions distribution of metastatic NET and underwent genetic analysis to reveal a rare mutation in the MEN1 gene and both first-degree relatives presented with metastatic NET without any other syndromic manifestation of MEN1 syndrome.

MPK3 mediated phosphorylation inhibits the dimerization of ABI5 to fine-tune the ABA signaling in Arabidopsis.

Seed germination is, a critical physiological process, is tightly regulated by the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). However, the cross talk between multiple regulatory pathways involved in seed germination remains poorly understood. Here, we show that ABA activates two MAP kinases, AtMPK3/AtMPK6, which interact with and phosphorylate AtABI5, a master regulator of ABA signaling.