NLRP12 inhibits PRRSV-2 replication by promoting GP2a degradation via MARCH8.

NLRP12, a member of the NLR family, has been shown to exert a vital function in orchestrating immune responses. Here, using the immunosuppressive porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) as a model, the role of NLRP12 in virus infection was deciphered. We demonstrated that overexpression of NLRP12 significantly restrained PRRSV replication, while NLRP12 silencing resulted in increased viral titer.

Deciphering the Space Charge Effect of the CoNiLDH/FeOOH n-n Heterojunction for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution.

Space charge transfer is an effective strategy to regulate the electron density of narrow bandgap semiconductors for enhancing electrocatalytic activity. Herein, the CoNiLDH/FeOOH n-n heterojunction hollow nanocages structure is constructed. The hollow structure provides abundant catalytic active sites and enhances mass transfer.

HnRNP K reduces viral gene expression by targeting cytosine-rich sequences in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-2 genome to dampen the viral growth.

HnRNP K is a well-known member of HnRNP family proteins that has been implicated in the regulation of protein expression. Currently, the impact of HnRNP K on the reproduction cycle of a broad range of virus were reported, while the precise function for PRRSV was lacking. In this study, we determined that both PRRSV infection and ectopic expression of N protein induced an enrichment of HnRNP K in the cytoplasm.

Engineering hierarchically ZnS/NiS/NiS hollow porous urchin-like composite towards exceptional lithium storage.

Complex hollow structure nanostructure is regarded as the desired approach to alleviating the volume change of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, ZnS/NiS/NiS composite with a distinctive hierarchical hollow porous urchin-like structure was prepared through pyrolysis of bimetal-organic frameworks obtained by one-step solvothermal and firstly used as anodes for LIBs. Varying the metal molar ratios allows the control of the surface area and pore size distribution of ZnS/NiS/NiS.

Interaction of HnRNP F with the guanine-rich segments in viral antigenomic RNA enhances porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-2 replication.

Background: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (HnRNP) F is a member of HnRNP family proteins that participate in splicing of cellular newly synthesized mRNAs by specifically recognizing tandem guanine-tracts (G-tracts) RNA sequences. Whether HnRNP F could recognize viral-derived tandem G-tracts and affect virus replication remain poorly defined.

Methods: The effect of HnRNP F on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) propagation was evaluated by real-time PCR, western blotting, and plaque-forming unit assay.

Evolutionary analysis of 3 isolates of Seneca Valley virus from a single pig farm.

Vesicular disease caused by Seneca Valley virus (SVV) has recently emerged throughout China and caused certain industry losses. We used immunofluorescence and western blotting to confirm that 3 new SVV strains (CH-GDSG-2018-1, CH-GDSG-2018-2, and CH-GDSG-2018-3) were from 1 pig farm. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the following: i) all 3 strains belong to USA-GBI29-2015-like clades, ii) CH-GDSG-2018-3 might have diverged from CH-GDSG-2018-1 and CH-GDSG-2018-2, and iii) CH-GDSG-2018-3 is a recombinant of the CHhb17 and HeNKF-1 strains.

Genome-Wide Analysis of Long Noncoding RNA Profiles in Seneca Valley Virus-Infected PK15 Cells.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to play key roles in various biological processes. However, the contributions of lncRNAs to Seneca Valley virus (SVV) infection and host defense remain largely unknown. In this study, differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in SVV-infected PK15 cells were detected by genome-wide analysis.

TRIM26-mediated degradation of nucleocapsid protein limits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-2 infection.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by PRRSV, has ranked among the most economically important veterinary infectious diseases globally. Recently, tripartite motif (TRIMs) family members have arisen as novel restriction factors in antiviral immunity. Noteworthy, TRIM26 was reported as a binding partner of IRF3, TBK1, TAB1, and NEMO, yet its role in virus infection remains controversial.

Isolation and Characterization of a Variant Psedorabies Virus HNXY and Construction of rHNXY-∆/∆.

The outbreak of pseudorabies in China, caused by more virulent pseudorabies virus (PRV) than the classical strains, has led to considerable economic losses. In this study, PRV strain HNXY was isolated from the Henan province of China in 2015 from the pig farm with severe reproductive failure in sows and a high mortality in piglets. The 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID) of HNXY in Vero cells were examined to be 10/mL, and the neutralisation titer against Bartha-K61 was significantly higher than against HNXY when tested with the serum from Bartha-K61 vaccinated pigs.

Development of an improved dual-promoter-based reverse genetics system for emerging Senecavirus A.

Senecavirus A (SVA), a recently emerging picornavirus, poses a great threat to the swine industry because it causes swine idiopathic vesicular disease and epidemic transient neonatal losses. Thus far, the progress in SVA viral pathogenesis studies and vaccine development remains sluggish, and an available and convenient reverse genetics system would undoubtedly promote relevant research. Herein, we established an improved universal dual-promoter reverse genetics system with an SVA-specific hammerhead ribozyme and hepatitis delta virus ribozyme at both terminals of the viral genome; this system could be applied to rescue all SVA strains by both eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerase systems.

Molecular characterization of variant infectious bronchitis virus in China, 2019: Implications for control programmes.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), an ongoing emergence enveloped virus with a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome, belongs to the Gammacoronavirus genus in the Coronaviridae family. IBV-associated tracheitis, nephritis, salpingitis, proventriculitis and egg drop have caused devastating economic losses to poultry industry worldwide. Since the end of 2018, a remarkably increasing number of commercial broilers and layers, vaccinated or not, were infected with IBV in China.

TRIM59 inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-2 replication in vitro.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), has ranked among the major economically significant pathogen in the global swine industry. The PRRSV nonstructural protein (nsp)11 possesses nidovirus endoribonuclease (NendoU) activity, which is important for virus replication and suppression of the host innate immunity system. Recent proteomic study found that TRIM59 (tripartite motif-containing 59) interacted with the nsp11, albeit the exact role it plays in PRRSV infection remains enigmatic.

Hypermutations in porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which is caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV), has resulted in large economic losses for the swine industry. The virus has shown remarkable genetic diversity since its discovery. In our study, we investigated mutation types in the evolution of PRRSV for both and passaging of the virus.

Genetic characterization of 11 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates in South China from 2014 to 2015.

Background: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has leaded to an enormous loss per year to the swine industry, its etiology porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a highly mutated virus in pigs. To fully understand the genetic characteristics of PRRSV genome in South China, this study collected the lung samples infected with PRRSV in Guangdong and Hainan province from 2014 to 2015 and tried to isolate the PRRSV. Finally, the complete genomes of isolated strains were sequenced and analyzed.

Characterization of Chinese Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus with Novel Insertions and Deletions in Genome.

Outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) have caused great economic losses to the global pig industry. PEDV strains with variants in the spike (S) gene have been reported in several countries. To better understand the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of PEDV field isolates, in this study, we characterised the complete genome sequence of a novel PEDV variant JSCZ1601 from a outbreak in China in 2016.

Genetic variation analyses of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolated in mid-eastern China from 2011 to 2013.

Porcine diarrhea outbreaks caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has occurred in China with significant losses of piglets since 2010. In this study, the complete S and ORF3 genes of 15 field PEDV isolates in mid-eastern China from 2011 to 2013 were detected and compared with other reference strains. Based on S gene, all of the PEDV strains could be assigned to 3 genogroups.

Development of a multiplex TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR for discrimination of variant and classical porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.

Since October 2010, porcine diarrhea outbreaks have occurred widely, resulting in major losses in suckling piglets in China. A variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), characterized by base deletion and insertion in the S gene, compared to classical PEDV CV777, was shown to be responsible for this outbreak. In this study, a multiplex TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR was developed for detecting PEDV and differentiating the variant from classical PEDV, by using two sets of primers and probes based on the S gene of PEDV.

Subcutaneous and intranasal immunization with Stx2B-Tir-Stx1B-Zot reduces colonization and shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in mice.

The type III secretion system of Escherichia coli O157:H7 is involved in colonization of mammalian hosts by the organism. The translocated intimin receptor (Tir) is inserted into the mammalian host cell plasma membrane in a hairpin loop topology with the central loop of the molecule exposed to the host cell surface and accessible for interaction with an LEE-encoded bacterial outer membrane adhesin called intimin. Shiga toxin type 1 and 2 produced by E.