A Review on Friction Stir Welding of High-Strength Al-Zn-Mg Alloy: Insights on Second-Phase Particles.

The friction stir welding (FSW) process is a unique combination of deformation and high temperature, which provides opportunities to modify microstructures through the adjustment of the processing parameters and is an ideal way to join non-weldable aluminum alloys by avoiding the formation of a molten pool. The 7xxx series heat-treatable aluminum alloys are widely used in the aerospace field as high-performance structural materials. The microstructure evolution and mechanical performance of these alloys are affected by the effects of thermomechanical processing, which provides opportunities to optimize the material properties by controlling microstructural features such as intermetallic constituent particles, dispersoids and nanoscale precipitates.

Prediction of new spin-forbidden transitions in the N molecule-the electric dipole A'Σ → AΣ and magnetic dipole a'Σ ← AΣ transitions.

On the ground of multi-reference configuration interaction calculations with an account of spin-orbit coupling, we have predicted the probability of two unknown spin-forbidden transitions in the spectrum of the N molecule: the electric dipole A'Σ → AΣ emission system and the magnetic dipole a'Σ ← AΣ transition. The radiative lifetime of the lowest A'Σ sublevel is less than a microsecond; the magnetic transition induced by the spin current in the triplet state is predicted with relatively low oscillator strength (f = 10), which still could be detectable.

Triplet state harvesting and search for forbidden transition intensity in the nitrogen molecule.

Triplet excited states of the N molecule play an important role in electric discharges through air or liquid nitrogen accompanied by various afterglows. In the rarefied upper atmosphere, they produce aurora borealis and participate in other energy-transfer processes connected with atmospheric photochemistry and nightglow. In this work, we present spin-orbit coupling calculations of the intensity of various forbidden transitions, including the prediction of the electric dipole transition moment of the new band, which is strongly prohibited by the (+|-) selection rule, the new spin-induced magnetic transition, magnetic and electric quadrupole transitions for the BΠ Wilkinson band, and the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield aΠ ← XΣ transition.

Composition of Organosilicate Coatings High-Temperature Breakdown Products and Their Distribution in the Weld.

The construction assembly and the repair of steel constructions painted with protective coatings are often carried out using arc welding. During the welding process, the coating in the weld zone is degrading. The protective coatings breakdown products are involved in the pore and non-metallic inclusion formation in the weld, the composition and distribution study of which makes it possible to analyze the reactions occurring during the welding.

Effect of Different Tool Probe Profiles on Material Flow of Al-Mg-Cu Alloy Joined by Friction Stir Welding.

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) was utilized to butt-join 2024-T4 aluminum alloy plates of 1.9 mm thickness, using tools with conical and tapered hexagonal probe profiles. The characteristic effects of FSW using tools with tapered hexagonal probe profiles include an increase in the heat input and a significant modification of material flow, which have a positive effect on the metallurgical characteristics and mechanical performance of the weld.

Gas Metal Arc Welding Modes in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V.

In wire arc additive manufacturing of Ti-alloy parts (Ti-WAAM) gas metal arc welding (GMAW) can be applied for complex parts printing. However, due to the specific properties of Ti, GMAW of Ti-alloys is complicated. In this work, three different types of metal transfer modes during Ti-WAAM were investigated: Cold Metal Transfer, controlled short circuiting metal transfer, and self-regulated metal transfer at a direct current with a negative electrode.

[Psychophysiological analysis of efficiency of cerebral hemodynamics with dopplerographic and reoencephalographic imaging].

The authors designed the integrated diagnostic test as a model for psychophysiological assessment and prediction of the effectiveness of cerebral hemodynamics in subjects. The test includes the recording of blood flow velocity in the CCA and the level of psychopathisation.

[The reaction of human surface and inside body temperature to extreme hypothermia].

The dynamics of changes in the parameters of the surface and core body temperature under the systematic impact of ultra-low temperature is described in this article. As a source of ultra-low temperature was used (Cryo Therapy Chamber) Zimmer Medizin Systeme firm Zimmer Electromedizin (Germany) (-110 degrees C). Surface and internal body temperature was measured by infrared thermometer immediately before visiting cryochamber and immediately after exiting.

[ELISA-based determination of natural antibodies to endothelial NO-synthase in human blood and tear].

Research of natural antibodies (NAA) is a new trend in immunohistochemistry. NAA shape up, in biological fluids, as normal human endogenous low- and high-weight substances, e.g.

[Diagnostic implications of detecting antibodies to angiotensin-converting enzyme and its substrates].

The results of the analysis of diagnostic significance of examination of natural antibodies (Nab) to agiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and its substrates in the serum of hypertensive patients indicate that concentration of Nab to ACE differ from this mean concentration in donors. An elevated level of Nab to ACE may be considered as a compensatory reaction to increased content of the enzyme in vascular endothelium and blood flow. The same patients were examined for antibodies to peptide angiotensin II (AT-II).

Antibodies to delta sleep-inducing peptide in ultralow doses: study of the effect by enzyme immunoassay.

The effects of potentiated homeopathic preparations containing antibodies to delta sleep-inducing peptide in ultralow doses were studied by enzyme immunoassay. Experiments were performed with the following immunochemical reagents: antigens of delta sleep-inducing peptide conjugated to various macromolecular carriers and specific antigens. Antibodies to delta sleep-inducing peptide were synthesized in dilutions of C3, C6, C12, C50, and C200.

[Immunoenzyme analysis of natural antibodies to endogenous bioregulators in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].

Serum levels of autoantibodies to endogenous bioregulators (prostaglandin F2 alpha, angiotensin II, epinephrine, bovine serum albumin, dinitrophenol) were measured in patients with systemic and integumental lupus erythematosus and donors and the diagnostic significance of deviations of these levels from the norm was evaluated. A total of 75 patients with lupus erythematosus aged 19-54 years with disease lasting for 0.5 to 18 months were examined.

[Immunoglobulins, binding opioid peptides, biogenic amines, and opiates, in substance abusers].

Immunoglobulins binding morphine, biogenic amines, and an opioid peptide dermorphine were measured by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay in patients abusing narcotics. The patients' ages varied from 20 to 40, with the duration of narcotic use 1-17 years. Narcotic dependence was found to involve increased production of immunoglobulins binding opioid and monoamine neuromediators.

[Immunoenzyme technique for detection of natural antibodies to bradykinin in cardiovascular diseases].

A method for detecting natural antibodies to bradykinin by ELISA has been developed. A polymeric matrix model of peptide antigen has been synthesized for this purpose. Optimal conditions for detecting antigen and antibodies in the sera of donors and cardiovascular patients have been chosen.

[Detection of natural anti-angiotensin converting enzyme antibodies in human serum using immunoenzyme technique ].

Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed for detecting natural antibodies to angiotensine-converting enzyme (ACE). Optimal conditions for detecting natural anti-ACE by EIA in the sera of donors and patients with disorders of arterial pressure are selected. The findings indicate that the level of natural anti-ACE is normally constant, while in the patients it is increased in 50% cases.

[Results of the use of pumpan preparation in the treatment of severe forms of angina pectoris].

Aim: To assess validity of adjuvant use of pumpan, a homeopathic compound, in patients with unstable angina pectoris and angina of effort (functional class III-IV) receiving conventional treatment.

Material And Methods: A direct open controlled trial for 15 months performed initially in hospital, then outpatiently, covered 49 patients with severe angina. Examination of the patients included evaluation of clinical condition and the disease course, lipid metabolism, hemostasis, blood plasma electrolytes, aminotransferases, echo-CG, bicycle exercise, rheoencephalography, ultrasonic dopplerography of head and neck vessels.

[Immunoenzyme assay for detection of natural antibodies against vasopressin in systemic lupus erythematosus].

A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay procedure for detecting natural antibodies to vasopressin (VP) is developed. For this purpose, a VP antigen is synthesized on polymer matrix. Optimal conditions of enzyme immunoassay for detecting antibodies to this antigen in the sera of donors and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are selected.

[Comparative study on the effect of antiatherosclerotic diet enriched with polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids of plant and animal origin on the level of natural antibodies against catecholamines in patients with cardiovascular diseases].

The levels of natural antibodies against catecholamines in 138 patients with cardiovascular diseases was studied and the comparative analysis of influence of antiatherosclerotic diets with different origin of PUFA omega-3 on dynamic of these parameters was made. For the first time discovered universal action of diets with PUFA omega-3 vegetable and animal origin on parameters of humoral immunity: in case of primary excess of norm of the contents of natural antibodies to adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine as a result of treatment these parameters were reduced or did not change; and at is primary a low their level--parameters increased in most cases. The greatest immunocorrection effect was rendered by diet, enriched PUFA omega-3 of freshwater fishes fat.

[Determination of natural antibodies to catecholamines in health and disease].

Aim: Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) determination of the level of natural antibodies (n-Ab) to catecholamines in patients with metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular diseases, correlation between content of n-Ab to these bioregulators and clinical diagnosis, biochemical indices.

Materials And Methods: EIA with specially synthetized artificial antigens was used to determine n-Ab to catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamin) in 41 patients with cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disturbances (ischemic heart disease, essential hypertension, hyperlipoproteinemia) and in 10 healthy subjects (donors, controls).

Results: Changes in the levels of antibodies to catecholamines correspond to the clinical diagnosis.

Glycoprotein gE blocking ELISAs to differentiate between Aujeszky's disease-vaccinated and infected animals.

Three blocking ELISAs for the detection of antibodies against glycoprotein E (gE) of Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) in sera (an indirect blocking ELISA (gE-iELISA), a direct blocking ELISA (gE-dELISA) and a two-site 'sandwich' blocking ELISA (gE-sELISA)) have been developed. The gE-ELISAs are based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed to gE and detect gE-specific antibodies in sera by blocking the binding of mAbs to one (in the gE-iELISA and the gE-dELISA) or two (in the gE-sELISA) epitopes of gE. From a panel of thirteen gE-specific mAbs, mAbs, their conjugates and the combination coating mAb/conjugate that optimally detect anti-gE antibodies in the assays were selected.

[Phosphoric stress and antioxidative power of wheat roots].

The change of antioxydative power of metabolites in the wheat root system (cv Polesskaya 90 and cv Polesskaya 92) under effect of stress doses of phosphoric nutrition (4-fold dose and phosphoric deficit in nutrient mixture of water culture) proves that phosphoric stress causes peroxidation of membrane lipids. These changes are a nonspecific reaction of membranes in root epithelial cells. Stress and responsive changes in the membrane system are recorded by an antioxydative power decreasing root metabolites.

[Immunoenzyme assay for detection of natural antibodies against catecholamines].

Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detecting natural antibodies to catecholamines (dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline) has been developed. For this purpose catecholamine antigens were synthesized on polymeric matrix. Optimal conditions for EIA detecting antibodies to these antigens in the sera of donors and patients with schizophrenia and disseminated sclerosis were defined.

[Mental disorders in the participants in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

320 persons Chernobyl liquidators were examined. The selection was made on the basis of presence of mental disturbances of nonpsychotic level. Five syndromes were revealed: astheno-neurotic (116 cases), astheno-depressive (92 cases), obsessive-phobic (57), astheno-hypochondriac (32), hysteric-hypochondriac (23 persons).

[Use of monoclonal antibodies for detecting Aujeszky's disease virus in culture media by an immunoenzyme method].

Three modifications of quantitative enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for assessment of Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) in culture medium are compared, in which monoclonal antibodies (MAB) to ADV GH glycoprotein were used: nonconcurrent two-site "sandwich" EIA on the basis of two different MABs, indirect concurrent EIA, and direct concurrent EIA. MABs fit best of all for use in every of EIA modifications were selected. Conditions of the assays were optimized.

[The isolation and characteristics of monoclonal antibodies to the glycoprotein GII of Aujeszky's disease virus and their use for the epitopic mapping of GII].

A panel of 24 different monoclonal antibodies (MAB) to Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) proteins was prepared. Seven MABs were directed to ADV glycoprotein GII (6 MABs to GIIc chain and 1 MAB to GIIb chain). GII epitope mapping with the resultant MABs was carried out.