Intraoperative radio-guided localization of parathyroid adenomas using 3D freehand SPECT technology.

Parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) could have poor outcomes, even with accurate preoperative localization of the adenomas, because their intraoperative localization can be challenging. Freehand single photon emission computed tomography (fhSPECT) is a new technique for radio-guided intraoperative navigation. Its use during parathyroidectomy could be useful and such data are limited.

Thyroid abscess as a complication of percutaneous ethanol ablation of cystic thyroid nodules.

Not required for Clinical Vignette.

Primary Burkitt lymphoma of the thyroid gland in a 28-year-old female.

Not required for Clinical Vignette.

Patient outcomes following surgical management of thyroid nodules classified as Bethesda category III (AUS/FLUS).

Introduction: The Bethesda classification system for reporting thyroid cytopathology is the standard for interpreting fine needle aspirate (FNA). Because of its heterogeneity and inconsistent reporting, atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), known as Bethesda category III, is the most controversial category. Thyroid nodules that fall within Bethesda categories III-IV have an overall risk of malignancy of between 15 and 40%.

Thyroid angiosarcoma (TAS) - A rare diagnosis not to be missed.

Raising awareness about primary TAS, a rare and aggressive mesenchymal tumor, is important so that early diagnosis and undelayed radical surgery along with complementary radiation are possible. Extending the existing knowledge on the course and final outcome of the disease may help identify the best treatment approach to improve survival.

A shift to more targeted thyroidectomies increased the detection of thyroid cancer and in particular low-risk papillary tumors in Southwestern Greece the decade 2007 to 2016.

Objectives: Data regarding thyroid cancer (TC) epidemiology in Greece in the last decade are scarce, so we investigated the trends in TC detection during 2007 to 2016.

Methods: We retrospectively studied 2040 pathology reports of total thyroidectomies performed at our institution from 2007 to 2016.

Results: A number of 478 cases of TC were identified in the studied decade.

Chronic stress and antidepressant treatment alter purine metabolism and beta oxidation within mouse brain and serum.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex condition with unclear pathophysiology. Molecular disruptions within limbic brain regions and the periphery contribute to depression symptomatology and a more complete understanding the diversity of molecular changes that occur in these tissues may guide the development of more efficacious antidepressant treatments. Here, we utilized a mouse chronic social stress model for the study of MDD and performed metabolomic, lipidomic, and proteomic profiling on serum plus several brain regions (ventral hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex) of susceptible, resilient, and unstressed control mice.

Multi-omic serum biomarkers for prognosis of disease progression in prostate cancer.

Background: Predicting the clinical course of prostate cancer is challenging due to the wide biological spectrum of the disease. The objective of our study was to identify prostate cancer prognostic markers in patients 'sera using a multi-omics discovery platform.

Methods: Pre-surgical serum samples collected from a longitudinal, racially diverse, prostate cancer patient cohort (N = 382) were examined.

Osteolytic lesions (brown tumors) of primary hyperparathyroidism misdiagnosed as multifocal giant cell tumor of the distal ulna and radius: a case report.

Background: Brown tumors represent a rare clinical manifestation reported in approximately 3% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and correspond to radiologically osteolytic lesions with well-defined borders in different parts of the skeleton.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 53-year-old white man who presented to our hospital with osteolytic lesions of his distal ulna and radius, causing pain and swelling of 2-month duration. A subsequent biopsy revealed histological features consistent with giant cell tumor and a complete resection of his distal ulna was followed, along with curettage and cementoplasty of the distal radial metaphysis.

Genetic Analysis of Syndromic and Nonsyndromic Patients With Craniosynostosis Identifies Novel Mutations in the and Genes.

Introduction: Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of cranial sutures, is usually divided into 2 major categories: syndromic and nonsyndromic. Mutations in the , , , , and genes cause the common craniosynostosis syndromes Muenke, Crouzon and Crouzon with acanthosis nigricans, Apert, Pfeiffer, Saethre-Chotzen, and Craniofrontonasal. Overlapping features among craniosynostosis syndromes, phenotypic heterogeneity even within the same syndrome, especially in the case of Muenke syndrome, and inadequate clinical evaluation can lead to misdiagnosis, which molecular testing can help clarify.

Reversal of chemosensitivity and induction of cell malignancy of a non-malignant prostate cancer cell line upon extracellular vesicle exposure.

Background: Extracellular vesicle (EV) trafficking is a fundamental cellular process that occurs in cells and is required for different aspects of pathophysiology. EV trafficking leads to changes in cellular function including apoptosis, angiogenesis and proliferation required for increased tumor formation.

Results: We report several phenotypic changes mediated by EVs isolated from non-malignant and malignant prostate cells as well as patient biopsied prostate tumor samples.

A novel de novo mutation within EFNB1 gene in a young girl with craniofrontonasal syndrome.

Craniofrontonasal syndrome is mainly characterized by frontonasal dysplasia, telorbitism, a broad nasal root, and frequently a bifid nose and coronal craniosynostosis. Craniofrontonasal syndrome is an X-linked disorder with an unusual pattern of inheritance because heterozygous females are more severely affected than hemizygous males. The craniofrontonasal syndrome-causing gene is EFNB1, localized in the border region of chromosome Xq12 and Xq13.

Complications and risk factors related to the extent of surgery in thyroidectomy. Results from 2,043 procedures.

Objective: To evaluate the rate of complications and the risk factors in relation to the extent of surgery in patients undergoing thyroidectomy in a tertiary university center.

Design: Data were collected retrospectively from 2,043 consecutive patients who underwent thyroid surgery for various thyroid diseases at the University Hospital of Patras, Greece, between January 1996 and December 2007. Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLNP) and hypoparathyroidism were set as the primary end points, while hematoma and wound infection were set as the secondary endpoints.

Comparison of early and late complications after various bariatric procedures: incidence and treatment during 15 years at a single institution.

Background: Bariatric procedures are effective in the life-long treatment of clinically severe obesity, but they are technically demanding and have known complications. The present study presents mortality and morbidity with different procedures from the prospective 15-year bariatric database of the University Hospital of Patras in Greece.

Methods: From June 1994 through December 2008, 1,162 morbidly obese patients underwent various bariatric procedures at our institution (35 vertical banded gastroplasties, 151 laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomies, 90 open and 137 laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses, 699 biliopancreatic diversions with long limbs, and 50 reoperations).

Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: which way to go?

Aim: To compare the outcome of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy.

Methods: Prospectively collected data from 293 consecutive patients with acute appendicitis were studied. These comprised of 165 patients who underwent conventional appendectomy and 128 patients treated laparoscopically.

A less invasive management of post-thyroidectomy descending necrotizing mediastinitis is feasible: a case report and literature review.

Background: Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a life-threatening complication secondary to oropharyngeal abscesses, esophageal perforation, or neck infections spreading into the mediastium, but very uncommon after thyroidectomy. Early diagnosis and close clinical and laboratory monitoring are crucial for patient survival. CT scanning of the cervical and thoracic area is a useful tool for diagnosis and follow-up.

Revisiting reliability of quantified perineal ultrasound: Bland and Altman analysis of a new protocol for the rectangular coordinate method.

Aims: This study tested the reliability of a new protocol for the rectangular coordinate method of quantifying perineal ultrasound.

Methods: Representative scans of healthy primiparous females were quantified by positioning a pubic bone template, drawn onto an acetate sheet containing x-y axes, over scans, by aligning the x-axis with the pubic bone central axis. Values for x (D(x)) and y (D(y)) located the urethrovesical junction (UVJ) at Rest, and at maximal Valsalva and Kegel.

Gastrografin administration in the treatment of postoperative delayed gastric emptying.

Five cases of delayed gastric emptying (DGE) are reported. Three patients had pancreatic head carcinoma and underwent a Whipple operation during which truncal vagotomy and gastrectomy were performed. The remaining two patients underwent vagotomy and gastrectomy because of benign peptic ulcer.

Activity of 5-formyl tetrahydrofolate cyclodehydrase and 5,10-methenyl tetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase in primary brain tumors in children.

The activity of the enzymes 5-formyl tetrahydrofolate cyclodehydrase and 5,10-methenyl tetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase has been studied cytochemically in children's primary brain tumors. These enzymes play a significant role in purine biosynthesis. Thirty children, aged 1-12 years, were studied, 12 with medulloblastoma, 14 with glioma grade I-IV, and 4 with ependymoma.

Value of the facial nerve latency test in the prognosis of childhood Bell's palsy.

In the present study we evaluated the facial nerve latency test (FNLT) as a prognostic tool in cases of childhood Bell's palsy. Twenty-five children aged 4-14 years were studied. We divided our subjects into three groups according to duration of latency time (LT).

Effect of glutamine on intestinal mucosal integrity and bacterial translocation after abdominal radiation.

This study evaluates the effect of oral glutamine on intestinal mucosal integrity and bacterial translocation in rats. 80 animals were randomised into four groups: group 1 (chow diet and water), group 2 (chow diet and glutamine 3%), group 3 (radiation, chow diet and water), group 4 (radiation, chow diet and glutamine 3%). Groups 1 and 2 were fed for 5 days, then sacrificed.

Treatment of enterocutaneous fistulas with TPN and somatostatin, compared with patients who received TPN only.

Eighteen patients with post-operative enterocutaneous fistulas were treated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN), skin care, infection control and intravenous somatostatin (SMS) 250 micrograms/h. This group was compared with 30 patients treated with standard medical treatment (total parenteral nutrition (TPN), skin care and infection control). In the SMS group the fistula output was reduced to 50% in three days and spontaneous closure was observed in 14 patients after a mean of 6.

Intracranial epidermoid tumors. A continuing diagnostic challenge.

Epidermoid tumors are benign, slowly growing intracranial masses that still present difficulty in preoperative diagnosis. This article reviews six cases of histologically proven epidermoid tumors. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were complementary in their evaluation.

Transsphenoidal surgery for visual loss in patients with pituitary adenomas.

This paper presents the results of transsphenoidal surgery in 41 consecutive patients with visual loss from pituitary adenomas. The most common pattern of loss was bitemporal hemianopia. Transsphenoidal decompression resulted in visual improvement in 78% of patients.