Closed-Loop Auditory Stimulation (CLAS) During Sleep Augments Language and Discovery Learning.

Slow oscillation (SO) brainwaves observed during sleep have been shown to reflect the process of memory consolidation, that underlies the critical role of sleep in learning, memory, and other cognitive functions. Closed-loop auditory stimulation (CLAS) uses tones presented in phase with SOs to increase their amplitude and number, along with other brainwave signatures related to memory consolidation. Prior studies have found that CLAS maximizes the ability to perform rote memorization tasks, although this remains controversial.

Recipe for fatigue: sleep, work patterns, and well-being of galley workers on surface ships of the US Navy.

Study Objectives: The purpose of the study was to compare the fatigue levels, work/rest patterns, health-related behaviors, and well-being of galley workers with other sailors on US Navy ships while underway.

Methods: Analysis was based on a retrospective comparison of data from 3 fit-for-duty groups of sailors: 67 galley workers, 192 non-watchstanders, and 466 watchstanders. Participants completed questionnaires (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS], Insomnia Severity Index [ISI], Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI], and Profile of Mood States [POMS]) and activity logs, and wore actigraphs.

Sleepy and grumpy go hand in hand for US Navy Sailors.

Study Objectives: The study explores how sleep, sleep-related practices, and behaviors, in addition to various demographic and occupational characteristics, are related to overall mood of US Navy sailors when they are underway.

Methods: Longitudinal assessment of US Navy sailors performing their underway duties ( = 873, 79.2% males, median age 25 years).

Sex differences in US military personnel with insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, or comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate sex-related differences in symptoms of sleep disorders, sleep-related impairment, psychiatric symptoms, traumatic brain injury, and polysomnographic variables in treatment-seeking military personnel diagnosed with insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), or comorbid insomnia and OSA (COMISA).

Methods: Participants were 372 military personnel (46.2% women, 53.

Cervical headgear therapy and sleep-related attributes.

Introduction: The study aimed to assess (1) the effect of the treatment with cervical headgear on patients' sleep-related attributes and well-being and (2) whether these sleep-related parameters (ie, sleep quality and quantity) were associated with patients' compliance during the orthodontic treatment.

Methods: The study protocol was based on a prospective longitudinal quasi-experimental design. Participants (n = 26; 9 males; mean age, 12.

Using Light to Facilitate Circadian Entrainment from Day to Night Flights.

As part of a larger project to provide recommendations regarding limitations and best practices for shifting aviators from day to night operations, a study was conducted to assess the efficacy of high energy visible (HEV) light to shift the circadian rhythm in humans. The study attempted to replicate the patterns of military aviators who could be required to shift abruptly from day to night flight operations. Simulated flight performance and salivary melatonin levels of 10 U.

Clinical and polysomnographic features of trauma associated sleep disorder.

Study Objectives: Trauma associated sleep disorder is a proposed parasomnia that develops after trauma with clinical features of trauma related nightmares, disruptive nocturnal behaviors, and autonomic disturbances. The purpose of this case series is to better characterize the clinical and video-polysomnographic features of patients meeting clinical criteria for this proposed parasomnia.

Methods: Semistructured clinical interview and detailed video-polysomnography review of 40 patients.

Who sleeps more and who works longer in the US Navy: Officers or enlisted personnel?

Objectives: To determine whether United States Navy (USN) officers and enlisted personnel have different sleep and work patterns while underway on USN surface ships.

Methods: Variables of interest were assessed by actigraphy, activity logs, and validated questionnaires.

Results: The 2 groups had similar daily sleep (officers: 6.

Performance comparison of peripheral arterial tonometry-based testing and polysomnography to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea in military personnel.

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasingly common among military personnel, but diagnostic capabilities are challenged by limited capability for polysomnography (PSG). We sought to evaluate the diagnostic properties of peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT)-based home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) to accurately identify and classify OSA among active-duty military personnel.

Methods: This study was a retrospective review of all patients suspected of having OSA who completed an initial PAT-based HSAT followed by confirmatory PSG within 120 days.

Small Boat Recovery Task Performance in a Moving Environment.

Objective: Assess operator performance in a simulation of US Coast Guard small boat recovery to a larger vessel on a large scale, six degree-of-freedom, full motion simulator.

Background: Studies of human performance in small boat recovery task have never been conducted on a high amplitude, low frequency simulator. Empirical evidence of small boat recovery task performance in challenging motion conditions is needed to inform future maritime systems designs.

Eating behaviors in sailors of the United States Navy: Meal-to-sleep intervals.

Background: Due to their long workdays and erratic watch schedules, sailors on United States Navy (USN) ships often eat meals close to their bedtime, which may contribute to sleep disruption.

Aim: To assess the duration of meal-to-sleep (M-S) intervals in relation to timing of sailor workdays and watch schedules.

Methods: Longitudinal field assessment of USN sailors performing their underway duties ( = 234).

Does the quality of life differ for shift workers compared to day workers?

It is often assumed the quality of life of dayworkers is better than that of shiftworkers. Our findings from United States Navy (USN) sailors (N = 804, 78.4% males) showed dayworkers slept better, were less sleepy, and reported greater vigor and reduced fatigue (Profile of Mood States) than shiftworkers.

Sleep quality, occupational factors, and psychomotor vigilance performance in the U.S. Navy sailors.

Study Objectives: This field study (a) assessed sleep quality of sailors on the U.S. Navy (USN) ships while underway, (b) investigated whether the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were affected by occupational factors and sleep attributes, and (c) assessed whether the PSQI could predict impaired psychomotor vigilance performance.

Hand-Held and Wrist-Worn Field-Based PVT Devices vs. the Standardized Laptop PVT.

Given the challenges of collecting reliable Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) data in the field, this study compared a 3-min PVT on a hand-held device and wrist-worn device vs. a standardized laptop. The experiment utilized a randomized, repeated-measures design.

Habitability in Berthing Compartments and Well-Being of Sailors Working on U.S. Navy Surface Ships.

Objective: The study had two objectives: (a) to assess the prevalence of sleep-related habitability concerns in the berthing compartments of U.S. Navy surface ships and (b) to assess whether habitability issues in berthing compartments affected the sleep and well-being of crew members.

Residual excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea treated with positive airway pressure therapy.

Purpose: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) commonly report residual excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) despite treatment with positive airway pressure (PAP). The present study aimed to determine whether patients presenting with subjective sleepiness after treatment with PAP therapy had objective evidence of residual sleepiness.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 29 adults with OSA on PAP therapy who underwent a standardized evaluation for EDS.

The Epworth Sleepiness Scale in Service Members with Sleep Disorders.

Introduction: Excessive daytime sleepiness affects an estimated 20% of the general population. While the prevalence of sleepiness in the military is largely unknown, it is well established that short sleep duration is endemic. The reasons for this include: the demanding nature of their duties, shift work and 24-hour duty periods, deployments and exigencies of military service as well as sleep disorders.

Sleep-Related Practices, Behaviors, and Sleep-Related Difficulties in Deployed Active-Duty Service Members Performing Security Duties.

: To assess sleep-related difficulties (e.g., trouble staying asleep, oversleeping, falling asleep while on duty, disturbing dreams, sleep paralysis) and behavioral patterns of active-duty service members (ADSMs) performing security duties.

Nightmares in United States Military Personnel With Sleep Disturbances.

Study Objectives: Sleep disturbances are common in United States military personnel. Despite their exposure to combat and trauma, little is known about nightmares in this population. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence and associated clinical and polysomnographic characteristics of nightmares in United States military personnel with sleep disturbances.

Elevated tau and interleukin-6 concentrations in adults with obstructive sleep apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by apneas and hypopneas that result in hypoxia, cerebral hypoperfusion, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. These pathophysiologic processes likely contribute to neuronal damage. Tau is a protein that stabilizes microtubules and, along with amyloid beta (Aβ), is associated with neurodegenerative processes.

An Initial Report of Sleep Disorders in Women in the U.S. Military.

Introduction: Sleep disorders are increasingly recognized in active duty service members (ADSM). While there are multiple studies in male ADSM, there are limited data regarding sleep disorders in women in the military. The purpose of this study was to characterize sleep disorders in female ADSM referred for clinical evaluation to provide a better understanding of this unique population.

Gender differences in sleep disorders in the US military.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare sleep disorders between male and female military personnel. Comorbid behavioral health disorders and chronic pain were also studied in relation to sleep disorders.

Design: We conducted a retrospective review of military personnel who underwent a sleep medicine evaluation and an in-laboratory attended polysomnography.

Sunlight Exposure, Work Hours, Caffeine Consumption, and Sleep Duration in the Naval Environment.

Background: Sailors in the U.S. Navy are habitual shiftworkers, often experiencing circadian misalignment due to their irregular work/rest schedules.

Preliminary validation study of the 3-min wrist-worn psychomotor vigilance test.

The 10-min psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) is a widely used tool to assess behavioral alertness. In operational environments, however, the 3-min version of the PVT is more practicable. Under controlled laboratory conditions, we compared performance on the 3-min PVT on a wrist-worn device with the 3-min PVT on a laptop computer.

Discriminating Between Fatigue and Sleepiness in the Naval Operational Environment.

Objective: To assess the similarities and differences between reported levels of fatigue and sleepiness as a consequence of working at sea.

Participants: 767 crewmembers of a U.S.