Cardiometabolic factors and risk of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature is to evaluate the association between cardiometabolic risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia/dyslipidemia, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and triglycerides) and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).

Methods: Pertinent publications were identified through a systematic search in PubMed and EMBASE databases, without language restrictions. The pooled odds ratios (OR) and standardized mean differences (SMD), with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using random effects (DerSimonian Laird) models, as appropriate.

INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING IN MACULAR HOLE SURGERY; WHY, WHEN, AND HOW?

Purpose: To review the current rationale for internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in macular hole (MH) surgery and to discuss the evidence base behind why, when, and how surgeons peel the ILM.

Methods: Review of the current literature.

Results: Pars plana vitrectomy is an effective treatment for idiopathic MH, and peeling of the ILM has been shown to improve closure rates and to prevent postoperative reopening.

A Pilot Study on Ocular Safety and Efficacy of Infliximab as an Antifibrotic Agent After Experimental Glaucoma Filtration Surgery.

Introduction: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a multifunctional, proinflammatory cytokine that mediates pleiotropic biological functions, especially inflammation and immunoregulation. We hypothesized that blocking TNF-α with a monoclonal antibody would decrease inflammation and subconjunctival scarring in an animal model of experimental filtration surgery.

Methods: In a randomized, prospective, masked-observer study, 30 New Zealand albino rabbits underwent glaucoma filtration surgery.

The Keith-Wagener-Barker and Mitchell-Wong grading systems for hypertensive retinopathy: association with target organ damage in individuals below 55 years.

Background: The usefulness of the hypertensive retinopathy classification by Keith-Wagener-Barker (KWB) in clinical practice remains controversial. The simplified Mitchell-Wong grading, combining the two initial KWB' grades in one stage, is proposed as an alternative method; both systems are poorly validated regarding their association with target organ damage.

Objective: In a population free of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, we aimed to investigate the interobserver and intraobserver agreement of both grading systems, their association with aortic stiffness, carotid hypertrophy or plaques and the role of age and sex on this association.

Ambulatory Aortic Stiffness Is Associated With Narrow Retinal Arteriolar Caliber in Hypertensives: The SAFAR Study.

Background: Arterial stiffness measured under static conditions reclassifies significantly cardiovascular (CV) risk and associates with narrower retinal arterioles. However, arterial stiffness exhibits circadian variation, thus single static stiffness recordings do not correspond to the "usual" 24 hr, awake, and asleep average arterial stiffness. We aimed to test the hypothesis that ambulatory 24 hr, awake, and asleep aortic (a) pulse wave velocity (PWV) associate with retinal vessel calibers, independently of confounders and of static arterial stiffness, in hypertensive individuals free from diabetes and CV disease.

Macular buckling in optic disc pit maculopathy in association with the origin of macular elevation: 13-year mean postoperative results.

Purpose: To discuss the anatomical and functional results in cases of optic disc pit maculopathy (ODP-M) with a follow-up of at least 11 years after scleral buckling procedure (SBP).

Methods: We studied 12 eyes with ODP-M treated with SBP, in a long-term follow-up of 12.8 ± 1.

Evolution of vitreomacular adhesion to acute vitreofoveal separation with special emphasis on a traction-induced foveal pathology. A prospective study of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To investigate the evolution of vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) to acute vitreofoveal separation with particular emphasis on cases involving the underlying fovea.

Methods: In this observational case series, of 192 cases in the VMA stage, 51 progressed to acute vitreofoveal separation; this subgroup was divided into those with normal separation (Group I) and those with co-existing macular findings (Group II). All patients were examined using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) at regular three-month intervals.

Effect of macular ischemia on intravitreal ranibizumab treatment for diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of macular ischemia on the functional and anatomical outcome after intravitreal injections of ranibizumab for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME).

Procedures: Participants were 49 patients with diabetes mellitus, divided into two groups based on the presence of ischemia on fluorescein angiography: (i) nonischemic group (n = 32) and (ii) ischemic group (n = 17). All patients were treated with intravitreal ranibizumab and were followed up for 6 months.

Spontaneous resolution of vitreomacular traction demonstrated by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate the natural course of idiopathic vitreomacular traction (VMT) with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) from the vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) stage to the spontaneous resolution of VMT.

Design: Prospective observational case series.

Methods: We studied the natural course of idiopathic VMT in 46 eyes (46 patients), divided into those that proceeded to spontaneous VMT resolution (12 cases) and those that remained at the VMT stage (34 cases).

Photoreceptor layer changes overlying drusen in eyes with age-related macular degeneration associated with vitreomacular traction.

Purpose: To investigate by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) changes of photoreceptor layers over drusen in cases of dry type age-related macular degeneration associated with vitreomacular traction (VMT).

Methods: Clinical examination, fluorescein angiography, fundus photography, and SD-OCT data were retrospectively studied for a consecutive series of 27 patients with drusen, pseudodrusen, and VMT. Control groups of 32 patients with VMT without drusen and 34 patients with drusen and pseudodrusen without VMT were also studied.

The effect of subconjunctival ranibizumab on corneal and anterior segment neovascularization: study on an animal model.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of subconjunctival anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ranibizumab on corneal and anterior segment neovascularization.

Methods: In this experimental study and laboratory investigation, chemical cauterization was utilized to induce corneal neovascularization in 16 rabbits randomly divided in 2 equal groups. Cauterized eyes were either treated with 0.

Correlation between optic nerve head parameters, RNFL, and CCT in patients with bilateral pseudoexfoliation using HRT-III.

Background: It is well-established that eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) have higher intraocular pressure (IOP). Early diagnosis of preperimetric glaucoma will assist with better management of these patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the optic nerve head (ONH) parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in subjects with bilateral PXS, bilateral pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG) and normal, correlating these results with central corneal thickness (CCT).

Comparison of SWAP and SAP on the point of glaucoma conversion.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the two perimetric modalities, SWAP (short wavelength automated perimetry) and SAP (standard automated perimetry), on the point of conversion to glaucoma.

Methods: In this prospective, longitudinal, follow-up study, 282 patients with ocular hypertension were recruited consecutively and tested with both SAP and SWAP annually for 5 years or until the onset of conversion to glaucoma. SAP and SWAP perimetry was performed with the Humphrey Field Analyzer II using the 24-2 full-threshold test.

Diet and cataract: a case-control study.

We conducted a case-control study to assess the association between diet and risk of cataract in Athens, Greece. Totals of 314 cases and 314 frequency-matched controls of both sexes, aged 45-85 years and attending the ophthalmology department of a major teaching hospital in Athens, Greece, were included in the study. All participants were interviewed using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire, covering the average frequency of consumption of about 120 food items.

Dry eye in Graves ophthalmopathy: correlation with corneal hypoesthesia.

Purpose: To evaluate dry eye disease and corneal sensitivity in patients with early and active Graves ophthalmopathy (GO).

Methods: A total of 52 eyes of 26 patients with early GO and 74 eyes of 37 age- and sex-matched controls were included in our study. Dry eye disease was assessed based on the criteria of the 
International Dry Eye Workshop.

Macular hole surgery with short-acting gas and short-duration face-down positioning.

Purpose: To report on the outcomes of vitrectomy and sulfur hexafluoride (SF(6)) gas tamponade for idiopathic macular holes with 2 days of face-down positioning.

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective, nonrandomized, observational sequential case-series study on 23 consecutive patients receiving macular hole surgery using 20% SF(6) and advised to stay in a face-down position for 2 days postoperatively (SF(6) group). These patients were compared to 23 consecutive patients who had previously undergone macular hole surgery, had received 14% C(3)F(8), and were advised to maintain a face-down position for 2 days (C(3)F(8) group).

Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors for treatment of corneal neovascularization: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of bevacizumab (Avastin) on corneal neovascularization (NV).

Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was performed. Seven eligible clinical human studies and 18 eligible experimental animal studies examining the effectiveness of bevacizumab treatment on corneal NV were included in the meta-analysis.

Intravitreal ranibizumab versus thermal laser photocoagulation in the treatment of extrafoveal classic choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration.

Background: To compare the efficacy of thermal laser photocoagulation versus intravitreal ranibizumab for the treatment of extrafoveal classic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 24 eyes with extrafoveal classic CNV secondary to AMD, treated either with thermal laser photocoagulation (group 1) or with intravitreal ranibizumab (group 2). Visual acuity, number of injections/sessions and recurrence rate were assessed.

Long-term results of intravitreal ranibizumab, intravitreal ranibizumab with photodynamic therapy, and intravitreal triamcinolone with photodynamic therapy for the treatment of retinal angiomatous proliferation.

Purpose: To compare intravitreal ranibizumab, intravitreal ranibizumab plus photodynamic therapy (PDT), and intravitreal triamcinolone plus PDT in retinal angiomatous proliferation, presenting the results of a 3-year follow-up.

Methods: Thirty-seven eyes of 37 patients with retinal angiomatous proliferation were randomized to 1 of the 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 13) received 3 monthly injections of 0.

Evolution of a juxtapapillary von Hippel-Lindau tumour examined by optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: The aim was to report the evolution of a case of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) juxtapapillary retinal capillary haemangioblastoma (RCH) by optical coherence tomography (OCT3).

Case Report: The progress of a 24-year-old man suffering from VHL disease with a juxtapapillary haemangioblastoma and a small peripheral lesion was followed for 26.4 months with fundus photographs and OCT of the optic nerve head using the optic nerve head rim volume, ranging from 1.