Top-down guidance of attention to food cues is enhanced in individuals with overweight/obesity and predicts change in weight at one-year follow up.

Background: Changing eating behaviour may be challenging for individuals with obesity and this may be related to attentional bias towards food. Previous paradigms used to assess attentional bias to food stimuli have not distinguished between bottom-up processes related to assessment of rewarding stimuli versus top-down processes related to effects of mind-set on attention. We investigated whether attentional bias for food cues varies between individuals with overweight/obesity and healthy weight individuals, due to differential top-down control of attention.

Associations Between Core Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Both Binge and Restrictive Eating.

Introduction: It is unclear whether core symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) relate to specific types of disordered eating and little is known about the mediating mechanisms. We investigated associations between core symptoms of ADHD and binge/disinhibited eating and restrictive eating behavior and assessed whether negative mood and/or deficits in awareness and reliance on internal hunger/satiety cues mediate these relationships.

Methods: In two independent studies, we used a dimensional approach to study ADHD and disordered eating.

Malnutrition is associated with adverse postoperative outcome in patients undergoing elective colorectal cancer resections.

Purpose: Malnutrition results in a significant increase in postoperative morbidity and mortality after abdominal surgery. Apart from the anthropometric assessments, malnutrition can be also assessed using laboratory scores, with the most widely used being Onodera's Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI). The purpose of our study was to assess if the presence of malnutrition as calculated by the Onodera's PNI was associated with higher postoperative morbidity after elective colorectal cancer resection.

Institutional variations in nutritional aspects of enhanced recovery pathways after elective surgery for colon cancer.

Purpose: Perioperative nutritional optimisation is one of the key aspects of the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) pathway after elective colorectal cancer resections. Despite the general acceptance of ERAS as a safe and cost-effective perioperative care bundle, significant variations in terms of nutritional support exist among colorectal units.

Methods: To assess these variations, we performed a cross-sectional online survey among colorectal surgical residents within a UK region.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and disordered eating behaviour: A systematic review and a framework for future research.

Preliminary findings suggest that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may be associated with disordered eating behaviour, but whether there is sufficient evidence to suggest an association between ADHD and specific types of disordered eating behaviour is unclear. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether specific features associated with ADHD are differentially associated with disordered eating behaviour. A systematic review of seventy-five studies was conducted to evaluate the potential association between ADHD symptomatology and disordered eating behaviour and to provide an estimate of the strength of evidence for any association.

Social modelling of food intake. The role of familiarity of the dining partners and food type.

In a social eating context, people tend to model the food intake of their dining companions. In general, people tend to eat more when their dining companion eats more and less when their eating companion eats less. In the present paper we investigate 1) whether familiarity of dining partners affects modelling and 2) whether modelling is affected by whether familiar partners consume the same versus different foods.

Eating frequency and overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis.

Objectives: To determine the effect of eating frequency on body weight status in children and adolescents.

Methods: In this meta-analysis, original observational studies published to October 2011 were selected through a literature search in the PubMed database. The reference list of the retrieved articles was also used to identify relevant articles; researchers were contacted when needed.

Caffeinated coffee does not acutely affect energy intake, appetite, or inflammation but prevents serum cortisol concentrations from falling in healthy men.

Our aim in this crossover study was to investigate the acute effects of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumption on appetite feelings, energy intake, and appetite-, inflammation-, stress-, and glucose metabolism-related markers. Sixteen healthy men (age range, 21-39 y; BMI range, 19.7-28.