Exploring Moderators of the Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Bullying Involvement: A Social Cognitive Theory Perspective.

The phenomenon of bullying/victimization affects millions of students globally and is associated with enduring consequences and internalizing problems for all the participants. Drawing upon Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, this study examines the moderating effects of individual attributes (gender and educational stage) and environmental factors (social support size and social support satisfaction) on the relationship between self-efficacy and bullying/victimization involvement, to address a pervasive issue in schools. The sample consists of 1,178 Greek students, from the fifth and sixth grades of primary school and the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades of secondary school.

How Big is the Hole? Measuring Intra- and Inter-Individual Agreement in Macular Hole Size Measurements.

Purpose: The size of a macular hole helps determine treatment planning and postoperative prognosis. The aim of this study was to examine intra- and inter-individual agreement in the measurement of full thickness macular hole (FTMH) size using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images.

Methods: Thirty OCT scans of FTMHs were reviewed by three vitreoretinal consultants and three vitreoretinal fellows.