An Assessment of the Potential Impact of Fortification of Staples and Condiments on Micronutrient Intake of Young Children and Women of Reproductive Age in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh has experienced rapid economic growth and achieved major health improvements in the past decade, but malnutrition rates remain high. A nationally representative study conducted in 2011 assessed the dietary habits of 841 children 24-59 months old, 1428 children 6-14 years old, and 1412 nonpregnant, nonlactating women. The study's objective was to assess dietary intakes of key micronutrients and the consumption pattern of potentially fortifiable foods, and then to model the potential impact of the fortification of key staple foods.

Retraction: Leyvraz M. et al. An Assessment of the Potential Impact of Fortification of Staples and Condiments on Micronutrient Intake of Young Children and Women of Reproductive Age in Bangladesh. Nutrients 2015, 7, 9960-9971.

The published paper [1] contains errors that mean that the resulting analysis is incorrect and the conclusions are no longer supported.[..

An Assessment of the Potential Impact of Fortification of Staples and Condiments on Micronutrient Intake of Young Children and Women of Reproductive Age in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh has experienced rapid economic growth and achieved major health improvements in the past decade, but malnutrition rates remain high. A nationally representative study conducted in 2011 assessed the dietary habits of 841 children 24-59 months old; 1428 children 6-14 years old; and 1412 non-pregnant, non-lactating women. The study's objective was to assess dietary intakes of key micronutrients and the consumption pattern of potentially fortifiable foods, and then to model the potential impact of fortification of key staple foods.

Vitamin A--fortified vegetable oil exported from Malaysia and Indonesia can significantly contribute to vitamin A intake worldwide.

Background: Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem worldwide, affecting approximately 190 million preschool-aged children and 19.1 million pregnant women. Fortification of vegetable oils with vitamin A is an effective, low-cost technology to improve vitamin A intake.

Fish sauce, soy sauce, and vegetable oil fortification in Cambodia: where do we stand to date?

Background: The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in Cambodia is among the highest in Southeast Asia. Fortification of staple foods and condiments is considered to be one of the most cost-effective strategies for addressing micronutrient deficiencies at the population level. The Government of Cambodia has recognized the importance of food fortification as one strategy for improving the nutrition security of its population.

Flour fortification in South Africa: post-implementation survey of micronutrient levels at point of retail.

Background: Fortification of staple foods is an effective strategy to deliver and increase the intake of micronutrients in the diet and can reduce micronutrient deficiencies. It is important to ensure that the food vehicle consistently contains adequate amounts of nutrients at the point of consumption for effective impact.

Objective: This survey aimed to gauge the level of fortification of maize and wheat flour at the retail level compared with staple food fortification regulations in South Africa to better understand the current obstacles to effective delivery of micronutrients through flour fortification and consider approaches to strengthening the program.

Implementing large-scale food fortification in Ghana: lessons learned.

Background: Food fortification began in Ghana in 1996 when legislation was passed to enforce the iodization of salt. This paper describes the development of the Ghanaian fortification program and identifies lessons learned in implementing fortification initiatives (universal salt iodization, fortification of vegetable oil and wheat flour) from 1996 to date.

Objective: This paper identifies achievements, challenges, and lessons learned in implementing large scale food fortification in Ghana.

Improvement of the Vietnamese diet for women of reproductive age by micronutrient fortification of staples foods and condiments.

Background: A micronutrient survey carried out in 2010 among randomly selected Vietnamese women in reproductive age indicated that anemia and micronutrient deficiencies are still prevalent. The objective of this study was thus to analyze the dietary micronutrient intakes of these women, to select the food vehicles to be fortified and to calculate their contributions to meet the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) for iron, zinc, vitamin A and folic acid.

Main Findings: Consumption data showed that the median intake was 38.

An assessment of the impact of fortification of staples and condiments on micronutrient intake in young Vietnamese children.

Targeted fortification programs for infants and young children are an effective strategy to prevent micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries, but the role of large-scale fortification of staple foods and condiments is less clear. Dietary modeling in children aged 6-60 months was undertaken, based on food consumption patterns described in the 2009 national food consumption survey, using a 24-h recall method. Consumption data showed that the median intake of a child for iron, vitamin A and zinc, as a proportion of the Vietnamese Recommended Dietary Allowance (VRDA), is respectively 16%-48%, 14%-49% and 36%-46%, (depending on the age group).

Routine use of coronary computed tomography as initial diagnostic test for angina pectoris.

Background: Coronary computed tomography (CCT) detects coronary obstruction with high sensitivity and might be useful for diagnosis of angina pectoris.

Aim: In this pilot study, we sought to prospectively evaluate the performance of CCT as initial work up and determine the significance of this strategy according to the pretest likelihood of having coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: One hundred and eighty patients with chest discomfort and suspected angina were prospectively referred for CCT with a 64-slice CT scan.

Adjusted clopidogrel loading doses according to vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation index decrease rate of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with clopidogrel resistance: a multicenter randomized prospective study.

Objectives: This study evaluates the clinical impact of adjusting the loading dose of clopidogrel according to vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) index in patients with clopidogrel resistance undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background: Clopidogrel resistance plays a key role in ischemic recurrence after PCI. In vitro tests of clopidogrel resistance can accurately predict major adverse cardiac events after PCI.

Trends of under- and overweight among rural and urban poor women indicate the double burden of malnutrition in Bangladesh.

Background: Although undernutrition and communicable diseases dominate the current disease burden in resource-poor countries, the prevalence of diet related chronic diseases is increasing. This paper explores current trends of under- and overweight in Bangladeshi women.

Method: Nationally representative data on reproductive age women from rural Bangladesh (n = 242,433) and selected urban poor areas (n = 39,749) collected by the Nutritional Surveillance Project during 2000-2004 were analyzed.

Validation of a rapid enzyme immunoassay for the quantitation of retinol-binding protein to assess vitamin A status within populations.

Objective: To compare the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among Cambodian preschool children as determined by the retinol-binding protein-enzyme immunoassay (RBP-EIA) and direct measurement of serum retinol by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Setting And Subjects: Sera from 359 children were randomly selected from archived specimens collected in a national VAD prevalence survey in Cambodia.

Methods: Sera were first analyzed for retinol content by HPLC and then subjected to analysis using RBP-EIA to determine serum RBP concentrations.

Impact of a homestead gardening program on household food security and empowerment of women in Bangladesh.

This paper assesses the additional benefits of a homestead gardening program designed to control vitamin A deficiency in Bangladesh. In February and March 2002, data were collected on the food security and social status of women from 2,160 households of active and former participants in the gardening program and from control groups in order to assess the impact and sustainability of the program. The proportions of active and former-participant households that gardened year-round were fivefold and threefold, respectively, higher than that of the control group (78% and 50% vs.

Integrating strategies for combating vitamin A deficiency: successes in Asia.

Indonesia and Bangladesh were among the first countries to distribute vitamin A capsules (VAC) to underfives in the early 1970s. Since then, VAC coverage has increased very much. In Indonesia, VAC are now distributed to underfives in two special months.

Risk factors for xerophthalmia among mothers and their children and for mother-child pairs with xerophthalmia in Cambodia.

Objective: To characterize the risk of xerophthalmia among nonpregnant women and their children and the risk factors for households in which both mother and child have xerophthalmia.

Methods: In case-control analyses of more than 15 000 households in the National Micronutrient Survey of Cambodia, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for nonpregnant mothers, children, and mother-child pairs with xerophthalmia.

Main Outcome Measures: Risk factors for xerophthalmia.

Risk factors for nightblindness among women of childbearing age in Cambodia.

Objective: To characterize risk factors for nightblindness among nonpregnant women of childbearing age, a group recently recognized to be at high risk of vitamin A deficiency in some developing countries.

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: The study included >15 000 households in National Micronutrient Survey of Cambodia conducted in 2000.

[Detection and surveillance of left atrial thrombosis by transesophageal echocardiography].

Out of 1,141 successive transoesophageal echocardiographic studies performed prospectively between 01/05/1993 and 31/12/1995, 26 cases of left atrial thrombosis were observed (2.2%); 5 were in the left atrium (20%), 19 in the left atrial appendage (73%) and the thrombi were in both atrium and left atrial appendage in 2 cases (7%). The 26 patients included 15 women and 11 men, with an average age of 69 +/- 16 years (range 25-89 years); 22 patients (84%) had permanent atrial fibrillation and 4 were in sinus rhythm.

[Heart rate variability and vagal syncope in the young adult].

Heart rate variability is a sign of sympathetic activity. The authors compared two study populations of young males aged 19 to 30 years: population T comprised 15 healthy volunteers who had two negative tilt tests, one under basal conditions and the other after a bolus of isoproterenol; population S comprised 12 patients without cardiac or other disease, who were followed up for malaise and in whom the basal tilt test was positive, confirming the vagal origin of syncope. Temporal and spectral (total power, low frequency 0.

Tilt table testing of young adult patients: improved speed and sensitivity using an isoproterenol bolus and a continuous 60 degrees tilt.

The tilt table is a diagnostic device used to induce vagal syncope and determine etiology. Sensitivity enhancing techniques, such as the administration of isoproterenol, can be applied to children and young adults to compensate for the otherwise low sensitivity (20%-30%) observed in that population. This study describes an improved test that offers a simplified approach while decreasing the amount of time involved by up to 50%, without compromising sensitivity.

Clinical electrophysiologic effects of a single high oral dose of amiodarone.

Several recent reports have described the antiarrhythmic effects of a single high oral dose of amiodarone but clinical electrophysiologic effects have not been reported. The present study was performed to assess electrophysiologic effects in 12 patients. After baseline electrophysiologic studies (EPS) patients were administered a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg of amiodarone.

Coronary artery spasm in patients with normal or near normal coronary arteries. Long-term follow-up of 277 patients.

Most studies on the natural course of coronary artery spasm in patients with normal or nearly normal coronary arteries are based on medium-term follow-up in small populations. The present series includes 277 successive patients with a median follow-up of 89 months (range: 1 to 198 months). There were 206 men and 71 women whose mean age was 53.

[Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. A rare cause of dyspnea and cyanosis in an adult].

The authors report the case of a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula presenting with dyspnoea and cyanosis in a young adult. The malformation was situated on the proximal pulmonary vessels and was cured by surgical correction. The diagnostic value of the clinical signs and complementary investigations of this rare conditions, often detected during adulthood, is discussed.

[Detection of circulating endothelial cells: a new diagnostic test of angina at rest].

The diagnosis of spontaneous angina depends on the recording of per-critical electrocardiographic changes. There is no simple biological test to make its retrospective diagnosis. The attack is usually triggered by instability of an atheromatous plaque which fissures and liberates endothelial cells in the blod stream.