Immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae viable cells for electrochemical biosensing of Cu(II).

Electrodes functionalised with weak electroactive microorganisms offer a viable alternative to conventional chemical sensors for detecting priority pollutants in bioremediation processes. Biofilm-based biosensors have been proposed for this purpose. However, biofilm formation and maturation require 24-48 h, and the microstructure and coverage of the electrode surface cannot be controlled, leading to poorly reproducible signal and sensitivity.