Optical molecular imaging technology and its application in precise surgical navigation of liver cancer.

Recent innovations in medical imaging technology have placed molecular imaging techniques at the forefront of diagnostic advancements. The current research trajectory in this field aims to integrate personalized molecular data of patients and diseases with traditional anatomical imaging data, enabling more precise, non-invasive, or minimally invasive diagnostic options for clinical medicine. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the basic principles and system components of optical molecular imaging technology.

The impact of transient air pollution exposure on worker performance in Chinese soccer players.

Using a unique dataset on the performance of soccer players in China (retrieved from 632 matches involving 24 teams during the 2014 to 2016 seasons), we investigate the effect of air pollution on different performance indicators that rely on different mixtures of the physical and cognitive inputs of players. To ensure a causal interpretation, we implement an instrumental variable (IV) approach using thermal inversion as the instrument for air pollution. We found that players' performance indicators, especially those more related to cognitive factors, are more strongly influenced by air pollution.

Regulating Zn Deposition via Honeycomb-like Covalent Organic Frameworks for Stable Zn Metal Anodes.

The irreversible chemistry of the Zn anode, attributed to parasitic reactions and the growth of zinc dendrites, is the bottleneck in the commercialization of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Herein, an efficient strategy via constructing an organic protective layer configured with a honeycomb-like globular-covalent organic framework (G-COF) was constructed to enhance the interfacial stability of Zn anodes. Theoretical analyses disclose that the methoxy and imine groups in G-COF have more negative adsorption energy and electrostatic potential distribution, favorable Zn adsorption, and diffusion.

Phycocyanin/Hyaluronic Acid Microneedle Patches Loaded with Celastrol Nanoparticles for Synergistic Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy.

Although multifunctional drug delivery systems have shown significant potential in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN), developing an efficient synergistic drug delivery strategy remains a major challenge. The purpose of this paper is to develop a nanoparticle-loaded microneedle (MN) patch transdermal drug delivery system aimed at achieving blood glucose control and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging for the synergistic treatment of DN. MNs are composed of hyaluronic acid and phycocyanin (PC), both exhibiting excellent biocompatibility and degradation properties.

Intelligent Generic High-Throughput Oscillatory Shear Technology Fabricates Programmable Microrobots for Real-Time Visual Guidance During Embolization.

Microrobots for endovascular embolization face challenges in precise delivery within dynamic blood vessels. Here, an intelligent generic high-throughput oscillatory shear technology (iGHOST) is proposed to fabricate diversely programmable, multifunctional microrobots capable of real-time visual guidance for in vivo endovascular embolization. Leveraging machine learning (ML), key synthesis parameters affecting the success and sphericity of the microrobots are identified.

Near-infrared light-activated nanosystem endows scaffold with controllable nitric oxide release for peripheral nerve regeneration.

The photosensitive S-nitrosocysteine (CysNO) could respond to light irradiation to produce nitric oxide (NO), exhibiting tremendous potential in accelerating peripheral nerve regeneration. However, its further application was limited by the burst release of NO and the requirement for ultraviolet excitation with low tissue penetration. Herein, a near-infrared-triggered NO controlled release nanosystem UCNP@ZIF-8/CysNO consisting of an upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) core and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) shell loading with CysNO was constructed, and then blended with poly-l-lactic acid powder to fabricate nerve scaffold by laser additive manufacturing technique.

Discovery of orally bioavailable SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibitor as a potential treatment for COVID-19.

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), 3C-like protease (3CL), and papain-like protease (PL) are pivotal components in the viral life cycle of SARS-CoV-2, presenting as promising therapeutic targets. Currently, all FDA-approved antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 are RdRp or 3CL inhibitors. However, the mutations causing drug resistance have been observed in RdRp and 3CL from SARS-CoV-2, which makes it necessary to develop antivirals with novel mechanisms.

Design of subsurface defect detection system based on two channels.

With the continuous improvement of quality requirements for optical components, the detection of subsurface defects in optical components has become a key technology. However, there is a problem with existing detection techniques, which is that they cannot simultaneously and independently detect subsurface defects at the micrometer and nanometer levels. This article analyzes the scattering field model of subsurface scratches and conducts simulation experiments on the relationship between scattering light intensity and system aperture.

Water-Stable Magnetic Lipiodol Micro-Droplets as a Miniaturized Robotic Tool for Drug Delivery.

Magnetic microrobots, designed to navigate the complex environments of the human body, show promise for minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment. However, their clinical adoption faces hurdles such as biocompatibility, precise control, and intelligent tracking. Here a novel formulation (referred to water-stable magnetic lipiodol micro-droplets, MLMD), integrating clinically approved lipiodol, gelatin, and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) with a fundamental understanding of the structure-property relationships is presented.

Cationic and Anionic Dual Redox Activity of MoS for Electrochemical Potassium Storage.

MoS is regarded as one of the most promising potassium-ion battery (PIB) anodes. Despite the great progress to enhance its electrochemical performance, understanding of the electrochemical mechanism to store K-ions in MoS remains unclear. This work reports that the K storage process in MoS follows a complex reaction pathway involving the conversion reactions of Mo and S, showing both cationic redox activity of Mo and anionic redox activity of S.

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 4-(4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine derivatives as potential glutaminyl cyclase isoenzyme inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.

Upregulated glutaminyl cyclase isoenzyme (isoQC) contributes to cancer development by catalyzing pE-CD47 generation and thus enhancing CD47-SIRPα binding and subsequent "don't eat me" signals. We thus consider that isoQC could represent a novel target for cancer therapy. We previously prepared a series of diphenyl conjugated imidazole derivatives (DPCIs) and evaluated their use as glutaminyl cyclase (QC) inhibitors.

Mild and Subtle Synthesis of β-Ketoenamine COFs with High Crystallinity and Controllable Solubility Guided by a Monomer Preassembly Strategy.

The stability of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is crucial for their applications in demanding environments. However, increasing the stability of COFs often comes with challenges such as higher synthesis difficulty, lower crystal quality, and reduced controllability during synthesis, making it difficult to regulate dimensions and morphology, thereby impacting the processing and shaping of stable COFs. Herein, the study presents a novel confined polymerization approach guided by hydrogen bonding preassembly to synthesize a soluble and stable COF featuring β-ketoenamine linkage.

The efficacy of an intracoronary cocktail administration in preventing no-reflow during excimer laser coronary angioplasty in patients with in-stent restenosis: A pilot study. (ELCA- cocktail study).

Background: The no-reflow phenomenon is a significant complication during excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) procedures, which can lead to adverse outcomes. This study explores the efficacy of intracoronary administration of a cocktail solution comprising nitroglycerin, heparin, and verapamil on preventing no-reflow during ELCA in patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR).

Methods: This study included patients undergoing ELCA with contrast infusion for ISR.

Construction of prognosis prediction model and visualization system of acute paraquat poisoning based on improved machine learning model.

Objective: This study aims to develop a prognosis prediction model and visualization system for acute paraquat poisoning based on an improved machine learning model.

Methods: 101 patients with acute paraquat poisoning admitted to 6 hospitals from March 2020 to March 2022 were selected for this study. After expiry of the treatment period (one year of follow-up for survivors and up to the time of death for deceased patients) and they were categorized into the survival group (n = 37) and death group (n = 64).

Insight into Grain Refinement Mechanisms of WC Cemented Carbide with AlCoCrFeNiTi Binder.

High-entropy alloys (HEA) as a kind of new binder for cemented carbide have garnered significant attention. In this work, WC/(17~25 wt.%)AlCoCrFeNiTi cemented carbides were prepared by hot pressing sintering (HPS), and the reactions between WC powder and AlCoCrFeNiTi powder during hot pressing sintering were elucidated.

Synthesis of Carboxyl-Functionalized COFs with Alternate Stable β-Ketoenamine and Benzimidazole Linkages: Unraveling Exceptional Solvent Effects for Efficient Uranium Separation.

The prevalent π-π interactions in 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) impart a certain flexibility to the structures, making the stacking of COF layers susceptible to external stimuli and introducing some structural disorder. Recent research indicates that the flexibility between COF layers and the associated disorder significantly influence their selective adsorption performance toward gas molecules. However, the adsorption process in a solution environment is more complex compared to gas-phase adsorption, involving interactions between adsorbents and adsorbates, as well as the solvation effects of flexible 2D COFs.

Third-order nonlinear Hall effect in a quantum Hall system.

In two-dimensional systems, perpendicular magnetic fields can induce a bulk band gap and chiral edge states, which gives rise to the quantum Hall effect. The quantum Hall effect is characterized by zero longitudinal resistance (R) and Hall resistance (R) plateaus quantized to h/(υe) in the linear response regime, where υ is the Landau level filling factor, e is the elementary charge and h is Planck's constant. Here we explore the nonlinear response of monolayer graphene when tuned to a quantum Hall state.

Recent Progress in Polyion Complex Nanoparticles with Enhanced Stability for Drug Delivery.

Polyion complex (PIC) nanoparticles, including PIC micelles and PICsomes, are typically composed of poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymers coupled with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes or therapeutic agents via electrostatic interaction. Due to a simple and rapid preparation process with high drug-loading efficiency, PIC nanoparticles are beneficial to maintaining the chemical integrity and high biological activity of the loaded drugs. However, the stability of PIC nanoparticles can be disrupted in high-ionic-strength solutions because electrostatic interaction is the DRIVING force; these disruptions can thus impair drug delivery.

Climate adaptation through crop migration requires a nexus perspective for environmental sustainability in the North China Plain.

Crop migration can moderate the impacts of global warming on crop production, but its feedback on the climate and environment remains unknown. Here we develop an integrated framework to capture the climate impacts and the feedback of adaptation behaviours with the land-water-energy-carbon nexus perspective and identify opportunities to achieve the synergies between climate adaptation and environmental sustainability. We apply the framework to assess wheat and maize migration in the North China Plain and show that adaptation through wheat migration could increase crop production by ~18.

The Hemodynamic Changes Induced by Lung Recruitment Maneuver to Predict Fluid Responsiveness in Children during One Lung Ventilation-A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: The prediction of fluid responsiveness in critical patients helps clinicians in decision making to avoid either under- or overloading of fluid. This study was designed to determine whether lung recruitment maneuver (LRM) would have an effect on the predictability of fluid responsiveness by the changes of hemodynamic parameters in pediatric patients who were receiving lung-protective ventilation and one-lung ventilation (OLV).

Methods: A total of 34 children, aged 1-6 years old, scheduled for heart surgeries via right thoracotomy were enrolled.

Comprehensive evaluation methods for translating BCI into practical applications: usability, user satisfaction and usage of online BCI systems.

Although brain-computer interface (BCI) is considered a revolutionary advancement in human-computer interaction and has achieved significant progress, a considerable gap remains between the current technological capabilities and their practical applications. To promote the translation of BCI into practical applications, the gold standard for online evaluation for classification algorithms of BCI has been proposed in some studies. However, few studies have proposed a more comprehensive evaluation method for the entire online BCI system, and it has not yet received sufficient attention from the BCI research and development community.

Multistage feature fusion knowledge distillation.

Generally, the recognition performance of lightweight models is often lower than that of large models. Knowledge distillation, by teaching a student model using a teacher model, can further enhance the recognition accuracy of lightweight models. In this paper, we approach knowledge distillation from the perspective of intermediate feature-level knowledge distillation.