Exploring the impact of polyphenolic compounds on the chromatic characteristics in flowers of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. collected from different altitudinal locations.

Introduction: Rhododendron arboreum Sm. flowers grow in the Himalayan region and have traditionally been used in beverages and food. These wild edible Himalayan flowers are known for their sweet-sour flavor and beautiful scarlet red color.

Quantitative determination of specialised metabolites in different parts of Juglans regia Linn. and Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch by using UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS/MS.

Introduction: Juglans regia Linn. and Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K.

Swertia chirayita: A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, quality assessment and pharmacology.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) H. Karst.

Identification and quantification of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids in flowers of Rhododendron arboreum and evaluation of their antioxidant potential.

The current study aimed to investigate the anthocyanins, non-anthocyanins (flavonoids and phenolic acids), and free radicals scavenging potential in the flowers of Rhododendron arboreum using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with ion mobility quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 25 constituents including nine anthocyanins, six phenolic acids, and ten flavonoids were identified in the flower extract. The major anthocyanins identified were cyanidin-3-O-β-galactoside (1), cyanidin-3-O-α-arabinoside (4), and cyanidin-3-O-rhamnoside (8), while quercetin glycosides were the main identified flavonoids in R.

Polyphenolic composition and antioxidant potential of underutilized Himalayan wild edible berries by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

The Himalayan wild berries Myrica esculenta, Duchesnea indica, Prunus cerasoides, and Berberis lycium were studied for the first time for polyphenolic compositions using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The chemical analysis of extracts resulted in the identification of 69 polyphenols, including 11 anthocyanins, 28 phenolic acids, 19 flavanoids, 10 ellagitannins, and 1 dihydrochalcone. The caffeoylquinic acids, quercetin, kaempferol, and cyanidin are the common moieties in studied wild berries.

Amelioration of cognitive deficit in zebrafish by an undescribed anthraquinone from Juglans regia L.: An in-silico, in-vitro and in-vivo approach.

An undescribed anthraquinone assigned as 1-Hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-9,10-anthraquinone (compound 1) was isolated from ethylacetate extract of Juglans regia L. The structure of the compound was established on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, COSY), ESI-QTOF-MS/MS spectroscopy. The molecular docking studies of compound 1 indicated similar molecular interactions as that of co-crystalized inhibitor.

Two undescribed diarylheptanoids from green husk of as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Two undescribed diarylheptanoids, 3-()-acetyl-1-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-(4''-hydroxy-3'' -methoxyphenyl)-heptane () and 11-Hydroxy-1,17-epoxy-7-(2-hydroxylphenyl)-13-(16-methoxyphenyl)-heptane () together with known compounds, namely, 11-Oxo-1,17-epoxy-7-(2-hydroxylphenyl)-13-(16-methoxyphenyl)-heptane () 3,4,5-Trihydroxytetralone () 4,8- Dihydroxytetralone (), 4,5-Dihydroxytetralone (), 5,8-Dihydroxy-3-methoxytetralone () were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of the green husk of . The structures of compounds were established on the basis of IR, H NMR, C NMR, DEPT, HSQC, HMBC, COSY spectroscopic and ESI-MS analysis. The isolated compounds were evaluated for AChE (acetylcholinesterase inhibition) and observed that compound was potent inhibitor with IC of 101.

Copigmentation and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS of anthocyanin in as potential source of food colorant.

Anthocyanins are good alternative to synthetic dyes for food, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Owing to their wide occurrence in plant kingdom, an UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was used to identify and quantify the constituents in flowers of . The qualitative evaluation of results in the characterisation of acylated and non-acylated anthocyanins.

Dammarane triterpenoid glycosides in Bacopa monnieri: A review on chemical diversity and bioactivity.

Bacopa monnieri (L.) is a reputed medicinal herb in traditional system of medicine of India, where it is used as nervine tonic to sharpen intellect and memory. This review discusses chemical characterization of dammarane triterpenoid glycosides which are well accepted for improvement in memory and for potential pharmacological activities.

Online antioxidant activity and ultra-performance LC-electrospray ionisation-quadrupole time-of-fight mass spectrometry for chemical fingerprinting of Indian polyherbal formulations.

A HPLC-DAD-DPPH method was developed for evaluating the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical scavenging activity of ethylacetate extracts of different polyherbal formulations (draksarista, draksava, lohasava and arvindasava) by using RP-18e column. The ethylacetate extract from polyherbal, 'draksarista' exhibited maximum free radical scavenging activity (99.9 ± 0.

Oleanolic acid analogs as NO, TNF-α and IL-1β inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies.

A series of oleanolic acid analogs, characterized by structural modifications at position C-3 and C-28 of oleanane skeleton were synthesized and assessed for antiinflammatory potential towards lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophages. Results revealed that all the synthesized analogs of oleanolic acid inhibit NO production with an IC50 of 2.66-41.

Synthesis of new heterocyclic lupeol derivatives as nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibitors.

A series of heterocyclic derivatives including indoles, pyrazines along with oximes and esters were synthesized from lupeol and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 and J774A.1 cells.

Chitinase Expression Due to Reduction in Fusaric Acid Level in an Antagonistic Trichoderma harzianum S17TH.

To study the effect of reduction in phytotoxin level on fungal chitinases, antagonistic Trichoderma spp. were screened for their ability to reduce the level of fusaric acid (FA), the phytotoxin produced by Fusarium spp. A T.

Online HPLC-DPPH method for antioxidant activity of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. and characterization of kutkoside by ultra-performance LC-electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth., is widely used in the Indian systems of medicine for the treatment of various liver ailments. Since, the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of liver injury has become generally recognized, in present study the free radical scavenging effect of P.

Silica-based monolithic column with evaporative light scattering detector for HPLC analysis of bacosides and apigenin in Bacopa monnieri.

A high performance liquid chromatographic method using a silica-based monolithic column coupled with evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of bacosides (bacoside A, bacopaside I, bacoside A(3), bacopaside II, bacopaside X, bacopasaponin C) and apigenin in Bacopa monnieri. The chromatographic resolution was achieved on a Chromolith RP-18 (100x4.6 mm) column with acetonitrile/water (30:70) as mobile phase in isocratic elution at a flow rate of 0.

Antioxidant activity and ultra-performance LC-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for phenolics-based fingerprinting of Rose species: Rosa damascena, Rosa bourboniana and Rosa brunonii.

Roses are one of the most important groups of ornamental plants and their fruits and flowers are used in a wide variety of food, nutritional products and different traditional medicines. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from fresh flowers of three rose species (Rosa damascena, Rosa bourboniana and Rosa brunonii) was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical method. The ability to scavenge DPPH radical was measured by the discoloration of the solution.

Simultaneous determination of sugars and picrosides in Picrorhiza species using ultrasonic extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection.

Sugars play a critical role in regulating overall cellular metabolism in high altitude growing plants. These plants are shown to have high levels of sugars to enhance their tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought and freezing temperature. In the present study, a simple, sensitive, selective and reliable HPLC method based on ultrasonic extraction and evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of important sugars (xylose, xylitol, mannitol, glucose and sucrose) and picrosides (picroside-I and picroside-II) in two species Picrorhiza kurroa and P.

Reversed phase-HPLC for rapid determination of polyphenols in flowers of rose species.

A rapid, simple, sensitive, robust, and improved HPLC method was developed and validated for determination of 10 polyphenols, namely gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, m-coumaric acid, quercitrin, myricetin, quercetin, apigenin, and kaempferol in fresh flowers of Rosa bourboniana and R. brunonii and in both fresh flowers and marc (left after industrial distillation of rose oil) of R. damascena.

A rapid RP-HPTLC densitometry method for simultaneous determination of major flavonoids in important medicinal plants.

A simple, sensitive, selective, precise, and robust high-performance TLC (HPTLC) method was developed and validated for determination of flavonoids in herbal extracts Bauhinia variegata, Bacopa monnieri, Centella asiatica, Ginkgo biloba, Lonicera japonica, Rosa bourboniana, Rosa brunonii, and Rosa damascena. The HPTLC of flavonoids was performed on RP-18 F(254) TLC plates with dual run, water (5% formic acid)/methanol (70:30) and water (5% formic acid)/methanol (50:50) as mobile phases. Densitometric determination of flavonoids was performed at lambda = 280 nm in reflectance/absorbance mode.

Steroidal alkaloids from Holarrhena antidysenterica (L.) WALL.

Chemical investigations on the stem bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica resulted in the isolation of a new steroidal alkaloid designated as holadysenterine (1), together with three known steroidal alkaloids, conessine (2), isoconessimine (3) and kurchessine (4). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques and high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Cucurbitacins from Bacopa monnieri.

Four cucurbitacins, bacobitacin A-D (1-4) as well as, a known cytotoxic, cucurbitacin E (5) together with three known phenylethanoid glycosides, monnieraside I, III and plantioside B were isolated form the aerial part of Bacopa monnieri. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic investigations (1D, 2D NMR and ESI-QTOF-MS/MS). This is the first report on the characterization of cucurbitacins in B.

Bacosterol glycoside, a new 13,14-seco-steroid glycoside from Bacopa monnieri.

A new sterol glycoside, bacosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside along with bacopasaponin-C, bacopaside-I, bacopaside-II, bacosterol, bacosine and luteolin-7-O-beta-glucopyranoside have been isolated from Bacopa monnieri. Their structures were elucidated mainly on the basis of IR, 1D, 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC, COSY), HR-ESI-QTOF-MS and EI mass spectral studies.

Simultaneous densitometric determination of artemisinin, artemisinic acid and arteannuin-B in Artemisia annua using reversed-phase thin layer chromatography.

A rapid and simple RP-TLC method for simultaneous quantification of pharmacologically important sesquiterpene artemisinin (AM) together with its precursors arteannuin-B (AB) and artemisinic acid (AA) in the inflorescence part of Artemisia annua plant has been developed. The RP-TLC of sesquiterpenes was performed on RP-18 F254 S thin-layer chromatographic plates by developing in mobile phase, containing 0.2% TFA in water/ACN (35:65, v/v).

Biflavonoids from Lonicera japonica.

Two biflavonoids, 3'-O-methyl loniflavone [5,5'',7,7''-tetrahydroxy 3'-methoxy 4',4'''-biflavonyl ether (1)] and loniflavone [5,5'',7,7'',3'-pentahydroxy 4',4'''-biflavonyl ether (2)] along with luteolin (3) and chrysin (4) were isolated from the leaves of Lonicera japonica. The structures were established on the basis of UV/vis, 1D, 2D NMR (HMQC and HMBC) and ESI-QTOF-MS/MS spectroscopic methods and chemical evidences.