An O-methylflavone from Artemisia afra kills non-replicating hypoxic Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: African wormwood (Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd.) has been used traditionally in southern Africa to treat illnesses causing fever and was recently shown to possess anti-tuberculosis activity.

Differential Anti-Fibrotic and Remodeling Responses of Human Dermal Fibroblasts to sp., Artemisinin, and Its Derivatives.

Fibrosis is a ubiquitous pathology, and prior studies have indicated that various artemisinin (ART) derivatives (including artesunate (AS), artemether (AM), and dihydroartemisinin (DHA)) can reduce fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. The medicinal plant L. is the natural source of ART and is widely used, especially in underdeveloped countries, to treat a variety of diseases including malaria.

A methoxylated flavone from kills .

Tuberculosis, caused by (Mtb), is a deadly and debilitating disease globally affecting millions annually. Emerging drug-resistant Mtb strains endanger the efficacy of the current combination therapies employed to treat tuberculosis; therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel drugs to combat this disease. is used traditionally in southern Africa to treat malaria and recently has shown anti tuberculosis activity.

and Extracts Have Bactericidal Activity against in Physiologically Relevant Carbon Sources and Hypoxia.

(Mtb) is a deadly pathogen and causative agent of human tuberculosis, causing ~1.5 million deaths every year. The increasing drug resistance of this pathogen necessitates novel and improved treatment strategies.

Artemisinin as a therapeutic its more complex source material.

Covering: up to 2017-2022Many small molecule drugs are first discovered in nature, commonly the result of long ethnopharmacological use by people, and then characterized and purified from their biological sources. Traditional medicines are often more sustainable, but issues related to source consistency and efficacy present challenges. Modern medicine has focused solely on purified molecules, but evidence is mounting to support some of the more traditional uses of medicinal biologics.

Artemisia extracts differ from artemisinin effects on human hepatic CYP450s 2B6 and 3A4 in vitro.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The Chinese medicinal herb, Artemisia annua L., has been used for >2,000 yr as traditional tea infusions to treat a variety of infectious diseases including malaria, and its use is spreading globally (along with A. afra Jacq.

Specialty molecules from plants and in vitro cultures as new drugs: regulatory considerations from flask to patient.

Few therapeutic specialty molecules from in vitro cultures beyond paclitaxel have come to market and although other more complex products like ginseng have also appeared, success has been limited. Often it is not the science that is limiting, but rather regulatory issues that limit considerations of potential products mainly because of costs in getting the product to market. Here we discuss broader thinking of such specialty molecules in the form of dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, herbal medicines, botanical drugs, and pure molecules along with potential complex products from a regulatory standpoint and especially within the realm of approved botanical drugs, e.

annua and artemisinins are ineffective against human and six sp.

Background: L.is a well-established medicinal herb used for millennia to treat parasites and fever-related ailments caused by various microbes. Although effective against many infectious agents, the plant is not a miracle cure and there are infections where it has proved ineffective or limited.

Enhancing artemisinin content in and delivery from Artemisia annua: a review of alternative, classical, and transgenic approaches.

This review analyses the most recent scientific research conducted for the purpose of enhancing artemisinin production. It may help to devise better artemisinin enhancement strategies, so that its production becomes cost effective and becomes available to masses. Malaria is a major threat to world population, particularly in South-East Asia and Africa, due to dearth of effective anti-malarial compounds, emergence of quinine resistant malarial strains, and lack of advanced healthcare facilities.

In vitro analyses of Artemisia extracts on Plasmodium falciparum suggest a complex antimalarial effect.

Dried-leaf Artemisia annua L. (DLA) antimalarial therapy was shown effective in prior animal and human studies, but little is known about its mechanism of action. Here IC50s and ring-stage assays (RSAs) were used to compare extracts of A.

Artemisinin and artemisinin derivatives as anti-fibrotic therapeutics.

Fibrosis is a pathological reparative process that can occur in most organs and is responsible for nearly half of deaths in the developed world. Despite considerable research, few therapies have proven effective and been approved clinically for treatment of fibrosis. Artemisinin compounds are best known as antimalarial therapeutics, but they also demonstrate antiparasitic, antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-fibrotic effects.

In vitro reduction of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: Artemisia spp. tea infusions vs. artemisinin.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Artemisia annua has a long history of use in Southeast Asia where it was used to treat "fever", and A. afra has a similar history in southern Africa. Since their discovery, A.

Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra extracts exhibit strong bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Emergence of drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains is a major barrier to tuberculosis (TB) eradication, as it leads to longer treatment regimens and in many cases treatment failure. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore new TB drugs and combinations, in order to shorten TB treatment and improve outcomes. Here, we evaluated the potential of two Asian and African traditional medicinal plants, Artemisia annua, a natural source of artemisinin (AN), and Artemisia afra, as sources of novel antitubercular agents.

Dried Leaf Improves Bioavailability of Artemisinin via Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Enhances Artemisinin Efficacy Downstream.

L. and artemisinin, have been used for millennia to treat malaria. We used human liver microsomes (HLM) and rats to compare hepatic metabolism, tissue distribution, and inflammation attenuation by dried leaves of (DLA) and pure artemisinin.

Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra tea infusions vs. artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) in treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a large scale, double blind, randomized clinical trial.

Background And Objective: Prior small-scale clinical trials showed that Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra infusions, decoctions, capsules, or tablets were low cost, easy to use, and efficient in curing malaria infections. In a larger-scale trial in Kalima district, Democratic Republic of Congo, we aimed to show A. annua and/or A.

Dried leaf Artemisia annua efficacy against non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major subtype of lung cancer with poor prognosis. Artemisinin (AN), produced naturally in Artemisia annua L., has anti-cancer activity.

Effect of Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra tea infusions on schistosomiasis in a large clinical trial.

Background And Objective: Schistosomiasis (bilharzia), a serious neglected tropical disease affecting millions, has few cost-effective treatments, so two Artemisia wormwood species, A. annua and A. afra, were compared with the current standard praziquantel (PZQ) treatment in an 800 patient clinical trial, August-November of 2015.

Artemisinin permeability via Caco-2 cells increases after simulated digestion of Artemisia annua leaves.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Artemisia annua has been used for > 2000yrs to treat fever and is more recently known for producing the important antimalarial drug, artemisinin.

Aim Of The Study: Artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) are effective for treating malaria, but are often unavailable to those in need. Dried leaves of A.

Artemisia annua dried leaf tablets treated malaria resistant to ACT and i.v. artesunate: Case reports.

Background: Dried leaf Artemisia annua (DLA) has shown efficacy against Plasmodium sp. in rodent studies and in small clinical trials. Rodent malaria also showed resiliency against the evolution of artemisinin drug resistance.

Crossing kingdoms: Using decellularized plants as perfusable tissue engineering scaffolds.

Despite significant advances in the fabrication of bioengineered scaffolds for tissue engineering, delivery of nutrients in complex engineered human tissues remains a challenge. By taking advantage of the similarities in the vascular structure of plant and animal tissues, we developed decellularized plant tissue as a prevascularized scaffold for tissue engineering applications. Perfusion-based decellularization was modified for different plant species, providing different geometries of scaffolding.