Publications by authors named "Pamela Schreiner"
HDL-C is an established risk marker for coronary heart disease. We investigated sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric/physiologic, and other predictors of HDL-C over 30 years of follow-up in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a multicenter, longitudinal cohort with a baseline exam in 1985-86 and follow-up exams at least every five years through 2016. During exams, participants completed various questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and blood collection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: This study proposed to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of menopausal status with physiologic brain magnetic resonance imaging measures.
Methods: The sample included women from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study who self-reported their reproductive histories and participated in the brain magnetic resonance imaging substudies at the year 25 (n = 292) and year 30 (n = 258) follow-up examinations. Menopausal status was classified based on natural menstrual cycle regularity/cessation at both time points.
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers studied 583 premenopausal women over two decades, finding that only one specific marker (GrimAge acceleration) initially appeared linked to earlier menopause, but this link disappeared once other factors like lifestyle and health were considered.
- * Ultimately, the study concludes that factors such as sociodemographics and lifestyle choices are likely more significant in determining menopause age than biological aging markers.
Article Synopsis
- * It involved 746 postmenopausal women and tracked incidents of HF over a median period of 17.8 years, revealing that early menopause significantly increased HF risk, even after accounting for various cardiovascular factors.
- * Adiponectin, one of the adipokines, was found to be independently associated with HF risk, while leptin and resistin showed no significant correlation.
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine how depressive symptoms change in midlife and across the menopause transition.
Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a prospective population-based cohort, the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. We included women (n = 2,160) with ≥3 responses to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) beginning at examination year 5, at approximately 30 years of age, and again at years 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 (ages 35 through 60 years).
Sleep and circadian disturbances are common and are experienced more often by Black compared to White individuals. We conducted an observational study of sleep that was ancillary to an ongoing cohort study, Coronary Artery Disease in Young Adults (CARDIA). The goal of the ancillary study will be to examine potential determinants of sleep/circadian disparities between Black and White adults in future analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Few studies have investigated disordered eating and unhealthy weight control behaviors and cardiovascular health (CVH) outside of adolescence and early adulthood. We examined the cross-sectional and prospective associations of these behaviors and CVH in middle adulthood.
Method: A total of 2,095 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults participants were assessed at Year 10 (Y10, 1995-1996) and Year 30 (Y30, 2015-2016).
Background: To understand the role of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including preeclampsia and gestational hypertension (GH), in brain health earlier in life, we investigated the association of HDP with midlife cognition and brain health.
Methods: We studied a prospective cohort of women, baseline age 18 to 30 years, who were assessed at study years 25 and 30 with a cognitive battery and a subset with brain magnetic resonance imaging. A history of HDP was defined based on self-report.
Article Synopsis
- * Neuroimaging reveals that many of these genetic variants have widespread effects on brain regions and are linked to various cancers and specific signaling pathways, such as p53 and Wnt.
- * The findings suggest a connection between the genes that regulate head size and the likelihood of cancer, emphasizing the need for further research on the implications of this relationship.
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized as a prevalent determinant of cardiometabolic diseases. The association between NAFLD and obesity warrants further research on how NAFLD modifies associations between body mass index (BMI) and Waist circumference (WC) with cardiometabolic risk (CMR).
Objective: This study assessed whether NAFLD modifies associations between BMI and WC with 5-year changes in CMR in 2366 CARDIA study participants.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines how depressive symptoms during early to mid-life may influence cognitive health in midlife by analyzing data from nearly 4,000 participants over 20 years.
- Researchers identified four distinct trajectories of depressive symptoms: declining, steady high, increasing, and steady low, with varying impacts on cognitive test performance.
- Those in the steady high and increasing depressive symptom categories performed worst on cognitive tests and exhibited structural brain changes, such as reduced gray matter volumes and increased white matter hyperintensities.
Aim: To assess the association of adipose-to-lean ratio (ALR) with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and dyslipidemia in middle adulthood.
Method: Black and White Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults participants without T2DM, hypertension, or dyslipidemia in 2005-06 (baseline) were included. Baseline adipose and lean mass were assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Objectives: To operationalize a new definition for bladder health, we examined the distribution and impact of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), along with risk factors, among men in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.
Methods: LUTS were defined by American Urologic Association Symptom Index (AUASI) scores and impact on quality of life (QoL). Separate questions assessed urinary incontinence (UI) and postvoid dribbling.
This study investigates correlates of anti-S1 antibody response following COVID-19 vaccination in a U.S. population-based meta-cohort of adults participating in longstanding NIH-funded cohort studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- - The study aimed to explore the relationship between vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and migraines with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, including strokes, in a group of 1,954 women from the CARDIA study.
- - Results showed that women with a history of migraines and persistent VMS had a higher risk of developing CVD and strokes, but this risk diminished when adjusting for traditional CVD risk factors such as age and blood pressure.
- - The findings indicate that while migraines and persistent VMS are linked to elevated CVD and stroke risks, this association weakens when other cardiovascular health factors are considered.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to determine how serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin are related to body fat in postmenopausal women based on their age at menopause.
- It included 751 women and utilized linear regression models to analyze the relationships between these serum markers and various measures of adiposity.
- The results showed that while adiponectin's association with body fat remained consistent across different menopausal ages, leptin's association varied by age group, and resistin's connection mostly lacked significance except for one age category.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates how early adulthood risk factors can predict the development of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in women over time.
- Using data from the CARDIA study, researchers analyzed responses from 1,966 women to identify distinct VMS trajectories: minimal (40%), increasing (27%), and persistent (33%).
- Key risk factors for persistent VMS included Black race, low education, depressive symptoms, migraines, and cigarette use, highlighting the importance of addressing these issues early on for potential therapies.
Context: There are no reported data from prospective long-term studies on the relation of androgen levels in young women with development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) before menopause.
Objective: We investigated associations of androgens and SHBG with incident MetS during 23 years of follow-up.
Methods: We included 366 White and 375 Black women ages 20 to 32 years participating in the CARDIA study and CARDIA Women's study, free of MetS at baseline examination (1987-1988), and premenopausal 23 years later.
Article Synopsis
- Educational attainment is linked to cardiovascular health, and a large genomic study examined how it interacts with cholesterol and triglyceride levels in nearly 226,315 individuals across five population groups.
- The study identified 18 new genetic variations related to lipid levels—nine for low-density lipoprotein (LDL), seven for high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and two for triglycerides (TG)—some of which interact with educational attainment.
- Researchers also found five gene targets that potentially interact with FDA-approved drugs, suggesting a connection between genetics and drug responses related to lipid metabolism and overall health.
Epigenetic Aging Is Associated With Measures of Midlife Muscle Volume and Attenuation in CARDIA Study.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
March 2024
Background: GrimAge acceleration (GAA), an epigenetic marker that represents physiologic aging, is associated with age-related diseases including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, the associations between GAA and muscle mass and function are unknown.
Methods: We estimated measures of GAA in 1 118 Black and White participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study at exam years (Y) 15 (2000-2001) and 20 (2005-2006).
Importance: Physical activity (PA) is recommended for preventing and treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Yet, how long-term patterns of intensity-based physical activity, including moderate-intensity PA (MPA) and vigorous-intensity PA (VPA), might affect the prevalence of NAFLD in middle age remains unclear.
Objective: To identify distinct intensity-based PA trajectories from young to middle adulthood and examine the associations between PA trajectories and NAFLD prevalence in midlife.
Cumulative BMI and incident prediabetes over 30 years of follow-up: The CARDIA study.
Obesity (Silver Spring)
November 2023
Article Synopsis
- This study investigated the link between cumulative BMI (cBMI) and the development of prediabetes in a cohort of Black and White individuals from young adulthood to middle age.
- Over a 30-year period, nearly half of the participants developed prediabetes, with those who did having a significantly higher mean cBMI compared to those who didn't.
- The results suggest that maintaining a healthy weight during young adulthood can help prevent the onset of prediabetes later in life, with a notable increase in risk occurring only after reaching a certain level of cBMI.
Background: The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in U.S. adults is over 30%, yet the role of lifestyle factors in the etiology of NAFLD remains understudied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The recent availability of high-quality data from clinical trials, together with machine learning (ML) techniques, presents exciting opportunities for developing prediction models for clinical outcomes.
Methods: As a proof-of-concept, we translated a hypoglycemia risk model derived from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study into the HypoHazardScore, a risk assessment tool applicable to electronic health record (EHR) data. To assess its performance, we conducted a 16-week clinical study at the University of Minnesota where participants (N = 40) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) had hypoglycemia assessed prospectively by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).
Marijuana is a widely used psychoactive substance in the US and medical and recreational legalization has risen over the past decade. Despite the growing number of individuals using marijuana, studies investigating the association between epigenetic factors and recent and cumulative marijuana use remain limited. We therefore investigated the association between recent and cumulative marijuana use and DNA methylation levels.
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