Pallidal Connectivity Profiling of Stimulation-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify anatomical regions related to stimulation-induced dyskinesia (SID) after pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and to analyze connectivity associated with SID.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the clinical and imaging data of PD patients who experienced SID during the monopolar review after pallidal DBS. We analyzed structural and functional connectivity using normative connectivity data with the volume of tissue activated (VTA) modeling.

Longitudinal follow-up with VIM thalamic deep brain stimulation for dystonic or essential tremor.

Objective: To assess longitudinal tremor outcomes with ventral intermediate nucleus deep brain stimulation (VIM DBS) in patients with dystonic tremor (DT) and to compare with DBS outcomes in essential tremor (ET).

Methods: We retrospectively investigated VIM DBS outcomes for 163 patients followed at our center diagnosed with either DT or ET. The Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor rating scale (TRS) was used to assess change in tremor and activities of daily living (ADL) at 6 months, 1 year, 2-3 years, 4-5 years, and ≥6 years after surgery.

Tailored deep brain stimulation optimization for improved airway protective outcomes in Parkinson's disease.

There is no consensus regarding the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery on swallowing outcomes in Parkinson's disease (PD). No prospective studies have compared airway protective outcomes following DBS to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) versus globus pallidus interna (GPi). A recent retrospective study described swallowing outcomes pre- and post-STN vs.

Deep Brain Stimulation in a Case of Mitochondrial Disease.

Background: DBS has proven to be an effective therapy for Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and primary dystonia. Mixed results have been reported in case series for other hyperkinetic disorders, and sparse data are available regarding secondary movement disorders. We report on the clinical effects of bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS, a progressive mitochondrial cytopathy.

Atrophy and other potential factors affecting long term deep brain stimulation response: a case series.

Objective: To describe three DBS cases which presented with new side effects or loss of benefit from stimulation after long-term follow-up and to discuss the potential contributing factors.

Methods: A University of Florida (UF) database (INFORM) search was performed, identifying three patients, two Parkinson's disease (PD) and one Essential Tremor (ET), with an unexpected change in long-term programming thresholds as compared to initial evaluation. Clinical follow-up, programming, imaging studies, and lead measurements were reviewed.

Gait variability magnitude but not structure is altered in essential tremor.

Essential tremor (ET) is a common tremor disorder affecting postural/action tremor of the upper extremities and midline. Recent research revealed a cerebellar-like deficit during tandem gait in persons with ET, though spatiotemporal variability during normal gait in ET has been relatively ignored. The first purpose of this study was to investigate gait variability magnitude and structure in ET as compared to healthy older adults (HOA).

GPi and STN deep brain stimulation can suppress dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: To compare subthalamic nucleus (STN) to globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for control of motor fluctuations and for potential dyskinesia-suppressing qualities.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective database review of all patients who underwent GPi or STN DBS for idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Direct dyskinesia suppression (dDS) was defined as improvement in dyskinesia subscore of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) part IV (items 32-34), despite lack of reduction in dopaminergic medication dosage.

A closer look at unilateral versus bilateral deep brain stimulation: results of the National Institutes of Health COMPARE cohort.

Object: In this paper, the authors' aim was to examine reasons underpinning decisions to undergo, or alternatively forgo, a second-sided deep brain stimulation (DBS) implantation in patients with Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods: Fifty-two patients with Parkinson disease (PD) were randomized to receive DBS to the subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus internus (GPi) as part of the COMPARE trial. Forty-four patients had complete data sets.

An evaluation of rating scales utilized for deep brain stimulation for dystonia.

The objective of this study was to examine globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation (GPi-DBS) outcomes in primary and secondary dystonia, derived from blinded ratings using two scales and two raters. Twenty-five patients with variable presentations of dystonia were evaluated with videotaped standardized dystonia rating scales at preoperative baseline and at 6 and 12 months following GPi-DBS implantation. These 75 examination videos were retrospectively evaluated, independently and in random order, by two movement disorder neurologists who were blinded to the treatment status.