Electroencephalographic Investigation of the Effect of Skill Level and Social Inhibition on Simulated Handgun Shooting.

We examined effects of Social Inhibition (SI), and Skill Level (SL) on simulated handgun shooting performance. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was also recorded in order to measure task-related changes in cortical activity. Participants consisted of Novice (NSL) and Experienced (ESL) shooters who were randomly assigned to shoot while in the presence of an audience (Hi SI) or alone (Low SI).

Smoking in young adult African Americans.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe factors that influence decisions of young African Americans to start smoking.

Background: Young adult African Americans have a high risk for becoming regular smokers, but little is understood about their smoking. This knowledge is needed because understanding young adults' smokers will help develop effective tobacco cessation and prevention strategies.

Increasing community capacity to reduce tobacco-related health disparities in African American communities.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the processes and interactions that African American tobacco control organizations use to engage African American communities in tobacco control efforts.

Design And Sample: The study used grounded theory methods to interpret participant's perspectives on tobacco control. The study sample consisted of African American tobacco control program directors from African American tobacco control organizations throughout the United States.

The association of tobacco marketing with median income and racial/ethnic characteristics of neighbourhoods in Omaha, Nebraska.

Objective: To examine the association of point-of-sale tobacco marketing with median income and racial/ethnic composition at the neighbourhood level in Omaha Metropolitan Area, Nebraska.

Methods: Fieldworkers collected comprehensive tobacco marketing data from all of the stores that were licensed to sell tobacco in 84 randomly selected neighbourhoods in the Omaha Metropolitan Area, Nebraska.

Results: An increase of $10,000 in median household income was associated with a decrease of 14.

Pipeline programs in the health professions, part 2: the impact of recent legal challenges to affirmative action.

Background: Despite recent challenges to educational pipeline programs, these academic enrichment programs are still an integral component in diversifying the health professions and reducing health disparities. This is part 2 of a 2-part series on the role of pipeline programs in increasing the number of racial and ethnic minorities in the health professions and addressing related health disparities. Part 1 of this series looked at the role of pipeline programs in achieving a diverse health professional workforce and provided strategies to expand pipeline programs.

Pipeline programs in the health professions, part 1: preserving diversity and reducing health disparities.

Background: Racial and ethnic minorities are underrepresented in the health professions. Affirmative action and educational pipeline programs play a vital role in increasing the diversity of health professions, addressing educational opportunity gaps, and reducing health disparities. Part 1 of this 2-part series discusses the need for educational pipeline programs to assist underrepresented minorities (URMs) in entering the health professions and the importance of these programs in developing a cadre of diverse providers to reduce health care inequality.