An exploration of the perspectives of individuals and their caregivers on pressure ulcer/injury prevention and management to inform the development of a clinical guideline.

Background: Consumer engagement is a requirement of high quality clinical guidelines. Developing strategies to engage consumers and incorporate the perspectives of individuals with or at risk of pressure ulcers/injuries and their informal caregivers was one priority in the recent update of the EPUAP/NPIAP/PPPIA's Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries: Clinical Practice Guideline.

Aims: The aims were to determine the goals of individuals and caregivers for pressure ulcer/injury care, priorities for pressure ulcer/injury education and biggest problems related to pressure ulcers/injuries.

Nursing's mandate in climate change.

Science tells us that human-induced climate change is real and threatening health and well-being everywhere. Nurses have a key role as individuals and collectively to mitigate these effects. We are obligated to action, advocacy, and policy change at both a personal and professional level in this global emergency.

Brief Psychosocial Intervention to Address Poststroke Depression May Also Benefit Fatigue and Sleep-Wake Disturbance.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine if brief psychosocial/behavioral therapy directed to reduce poststroke depression would decrease fatigue and improve sleep-wake disturbance.

Design: A preplanned secondary data analysis from a completed clinical trial was conducted.

Methods: One hundred participants received usual care, in-person intervention, or telephone intervention.

Pressure ulcer/injury classification today: An international perspective.

There has been an ongoing debate in the healthcare community about what pressure ulcers/injuries are, and how to name, define and classify them. The aim of this discussion paper is to provide a brief theoretical background about pressure ulcer/injury classification, to explain the approach the Guideline Governance Group has taken during the 2019 update of the International Guideline for 'Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries' and to share views on how to best implement pressure ulcer/injury classification. First formal pressure ulcer/injury classifications were introduced in the 1950s and today various pressure ulcer/injury classification systems are used worldwide.

Inhibition of myostatin prevents microgravity-induced loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength.

The microgravity conditions of prolonged spaceflight are known to result in skeletal muscle atrophy that leads to diminished functional performance. To assess if inhibition of the growth factor myostatin has potential to reverse these effects, mice were treated with a myostatin antibody while housed on the International Space Station. Grip strength of ground control mice increased 3.

Nursing science and health policy - opportunities in the year of the nurse and the midwife.

The 2020 International Year of the Nurse and the Midwife is an important opportunity to marry nursing science and health policy globally. Nurses and midwives are demonstrating strong intent towards evidence-based practice but often feel they lack the skills to implement it. Examples are provided of ways in which general and advanced practice nurses have succeeded in bringing evidence into practice and then into local and global policy.

IMPACT and CRASH prognostic models for traumatic brain injury: external validation in a South-American cohort.

Objective: To develop a robust prognostic model, the more diverse the settings in which the system is tested and found to be accurate, the more likely it will be generalisable to untested settings. This study aimed to externally validate the International Mission for Prognosis and Clinical Trials in Traumatic Brain Injury (IMPACT) and Corticosteroid Randomization after Significant Head Injury (CRASH) models for low-income and middle-income countries using a dataset of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) from the Benchmark Evidence from South American Trials: Treatment of Intracranial Pressure study and a simultaneously conducted observational study.

Method: A total of 550 patients with severe TBI were enrolled in the study, and 466 of those were included in the analysis.

Stroke impact symptoms are associated with sleep-related impairment.

Background: Sleep-related impairment is a common but under-appreciated complication after stroke and may impede stroke recovery. Yet little is known about factors associated with sleep-related impairment after stroke.

Objective: The purpose of this analysis was to examine the relationship between stroke impact symptoms and sleep-related impairment among stroke survivors.

Prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers/injuries: The protocol for the second update of the international Clinical Practice Guideline 2019.

Aim: The European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, the Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance, and the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel are updating the 'Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers: Clinical Practice Guideline' (CPG) in 2019. The aim of this contribution is to summarize and to discuss the guideline development protocol for the 2019 update.

Methods: A guideline governance group determines and monitors all steps of the CPG development.

Effect of symptoms on physical performance in COPD.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients experience multiple symptoms including dyspnea, anxiety, depression, and fatigue, which are highly correlated with each other. Together, those symptoms may contribute to impaired physical performance.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine interrelationships among dyspnea, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and fatigue as contributing factors to physical performance in COPD.

Randomized trial of telephone versus in-person delivery of a brief psychosocial intervention in post-stroke depression.

Background: A psychosocial behavioral intervention delivered in-person by advanced practice nurses has been shown effective in substantially reducing post-stroke depression (PSD). This follow-up trial compared the effectiveness of a shortened intervention delivered by either telephone or in-person to usual care. To our knowledge, this is the first of current behavioral therapy trials to expand the protocol in a new clinical sample.

The metabolic effects of GDF15 are mediated by the orphan receptor GFRAL.

Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), also known as MIC-1, is a distant member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily and has been implicated in various biological functions, including cancer cachexia, renal and heart failure, atherosclerosis and metabolism. A connection between GDF15 and body-weight regulation was initially suggested on the basis of an observation that increasing GDF15 levels in serum correlated with weight loss in individuals with advanced prostate cancer. In animal models, overexpression of GDF15 leads to a lean phenotype, hypophagia and other improvements in metabolic parameters, suggesting that recombinant GDF15 protein could potentially be used in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Frequency of and factors associated with emergency department intracranial pressure monitor placement in severe paediatric traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To examine the frequency of and factors associated with emergency department (ED) intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor placement in severe paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: Retrospective, multicentre cohort study of children <18 years admitted to the ED with severe TBI and intubated for >48 hours from 2007 to 2011.

Results: Two hundred and twenty-four children had severe TBI and 75% underwent either ED, operating room (OR) or paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) ICP monitor placement.

Examining Emergency Department Treatment Processes in Severe Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: In the treatment of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), timely treatment of patients can affect the outcome. Our objectives were to examine the treatment process of acute pediatric TBI and the impact of non-value-added time (NVAT) on patient outcomes.

Methods: Data for 136 pediatric trauma patients (age < 18 years) with severe TBI from 2 trauma centers in the United States were collected.

Poststroke Depression: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.

Poststroke depression (PSD) is common, affecting approximately one third of stroke survivors at any one time after stroke. Individuals with PSD are at a higher risk for suboptimal recovery, recurrent vascular events, poor quality of life, and mortality. Although PSD is prevalent, uncertainty remains regarding predisposing risk factors and optimal strategies for prevention and treatment.

Timely Hemodynamic Resuscitation and Outcomes in Severe Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Preliminary Findings.

Objectives: Early resuscitation may improve outcomes in pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). We examined the association between timely treatment of hypotension and hypoxia during early care (prehospital or emergency department locations) and discharge outcomes in children with severe TBI.

Methods: Hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure less than 70 + 2 (age in years), and hypoxia was defined as PaO2 less than 60 mm Hg or oxygen saturation less than 90% in accordance with the 2003 Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines.

Variation in seizure prophylaxis in severe pediatric traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic seizure is a major complication following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study was to determine the variation in seizure prophylaxis in select pediatric trauma centers. The authors hypothesized that there would be wide variation in seizure prophylaxis selection and use, within and between pediatric trauma centers.

Guideline Adherence and Hospital Costs in Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objectives: Adherence to pediatric traumatic brain injury guidelines has been associated with improved survival and better functional outcome. However, the relationship between guideline adherence and hospitalization costs has not been examined. To evaluate the relationship between adherence to pediatric severe traumatic brain injury guidelines, measured by acute care clinical indicators, and the total costs of hospitalization associated with severe traumatic brain injury.

Incident Atrial Fibrillation and Disability-Free Survival in the Cardiovascular Health Study.

Objectives: To assess the associations between incident atrial fibrillation (AF) and disability-free survival and risk of disability.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Cardiovascular Health Study.

A Qualitative Study Exploring Factors Associated with Provider Adherence to Severe Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Guidelines.

Despite demonstrated improvement in patient outcomes with use of the Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Guidelines (Guidelines), there are differential rates of adherence. Provider perspectives on barriers and facilitators to adherence have not been elucidated. This study aimed to identify and explore in depth the provider perspective on factors associated with adherence to the Guidelines using 19 focus groups with nurses and physicians who provided acute management for pediatric patients with TBI at five university-affiliated Level 1 trauma centers.

Telephone Assessment and Skill-Building Kit for Stroke Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background And Purpose: There are few evidence-based programs for stroke family caregivers postdischarge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate efficacy of the Telephone Assessment and Skill-Building Kit (TASK II), a nurse-led intervention enabling caregivers to build skills based on assessment of their own needs.

Methods: A total of 254 stroke caregivers (primarily female TASK II/information, support, and referral 78.