Discriminating the hemolytic risk of blood type A plasmas using the complement hemolysis using human erythrocytes (CHUHE) assay.

Background: The agglutination-based cross-matching method is sensitive for antibody binding to red blood cells but is only partially predictive of complement-mediated hemolysis, which is important in many acute hemolytic transfusion reactions. Here, we describe complement hemolysis using human erythrocytes (CHUHE) assays that directly evaluate complement-mediated hemolysis between individual serum-plasma and red blood cell combinations. The CHUHE assay is used to evaluate correlations between agglutination titers and complement-mediated hemolysis as well as the hemolytic potential of plasma from type A blood donors.

High-throughput acoustic separation of platelets from whole blood.

Platelets contain growth factors which are important in biomedical and clinical applications. In this work, we present an acoustic separation device for high-throughput, non-invasive platelet isolation. In particular, we separated platelets from whole blood at a 10 mL min(-1) throughput, which is three orders of magnitude greater than that of existing acoustic-based platelet separation techniques.

Discriminating complement-mediated acute transfusion reaction for type O+ red blood cells transfused into a B+ recipient with the complement hemolysis using human erythrocytes (CHUHE) assay.

Background: A patient with B+ sickle cell disease received 3 units of red blood cells (RBCs) from two O+ donors and developed fever and hypotension after the first unit, consistent with an acute transfusion reaction (ATR). Anti-B titers in plasma from each O+ donor were markedly elevated and nondiscriminatory. In order to evaluate the potential for the transfused units to produce complement-mediated hemolysis of B+ RBCs, hemolytic complement testing was performed.

Additive solution-7 reduces the red blood cell cold storage lesion.

Background: Transfusion of long-stored red blood cells (RBCs) is associated with decreased in vivo RBC recovery, delivery of RBC breakdown products, and increased morbidity and mortality. Reducing the burden of this RBC "storage lesion" is a major challenge in transfusion medicine. Additive solution-7 (AS-7) is a new RBC storage solution designed to improve RBC metabolism by providing phosphate and increasing buffering capacity.

Peptide inhibitor of complement c1, a novel suppressor of classical pathway activation: mechanistic studies and clinical potential.

The classical pathway of complement plays multiple physiological roles including modulating immunological effectors initiated by adaptive immune responses and an essential homeostatic role in the clearance of damaged self-antigens. However, dysregulated classical pathway activation is associated with antibody-initiated, inflammatory diseases processes like cold agglutinin disease, acute intravascular hemolytic transfusion reaction (AIHTR), and acute/hyperacute transplantation rejection. To date, only one putative classical pathway inhibitor, C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH), is currently commercially available and its only approved indication is for replacement treatment in hereditary angioedema, which is predominantly a kinin pathway disease.

Complement inhibition significantly decreases red blood cell lysis in a rat model of acute intravascular hemolysis.

Background: Prevention of acute hemolytic transfusion reactions is a worldwide concern. The objective of this study was to develop a simple rat model of complement-mediated acute intravascular hemolysis.

Study Design And Methods: Human AB red blood cells (RBCs) were incubated with complement-sufficient or complement-deficient Wistar rat serum (WRS) in the presence and absence of human RBC antibody in vitro to elucidate the mechanism of hemolysis.

In vitro and in vivo quality of leukoreduced apheresis platelets stored in a new platelet additive solution.

Background: Platelets (PLTs) stored in additive solutions (PASs) may reduce the risk of several plasma-associated adverse transfusion reactions such as allergic reactions and potentially transfusion-associated lung injury. The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro characteristics and the in vivo radiolabeled recovery and survival of apheresis PLTs (APs) stored in a new PAS and compare the latter to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria.

Study Design And Methods: Hyperconcentrated APs were collected from healthy subjects in a paired crossover study comparing PAS (35% plasma) and 100% plasma-stored APs (Part 1) up to 7 days and, in Part 2, to determine the in vivo recovery and survival of PAS stored AP at 5 days compared to fresh PLT controls.

Evaluation of the properties of components prepared and stored after holding of whole blood units for 8 and 24 hours at ambient temperature.

Background: The capability of holding whole blood (WB) units at ambient temperature, overnight, should help in platelet (PLT) concentrate preparation logistics. We summarize the results of a study conducted in the early 1990s that compared, in particular, PLT and red blood cell (RBC) in vivo viability properties following storage after preparation after 8- and 24-hour WB hold periods.

Study Design And Methods: Individuals donated units of WB on two occasions.

Automated collection of double red blood cell units with a variable-volume separation chamber.

Background: Automated collection of blood components offers multiple advantages and has prompted development of portable devices. This study sought to document the biochemical and hematologic properties and in vivo recovery of red cells (RBCs) collected via a new device that employed a variable-volume centrifugal separation chamber.

Study Design And Methods: Normal subjects (n = 153) donated 2 units of RBCs via an automated blood collection system (Cymbal, Haemonetics).