Field-based measurement tools to distinguish clonal taxa and estimate biomass: a resource for conservation and restoration.

Two species of clonal [ (native) and (exotic)] hybridize to form the highly invasive, heterotic (high vigor) in North American wetlands leading to increased primary production, litter accumulation, and biodiversity loss. Conservation of has become critical as invasive has overwhelmed wetlands. In the field, taxa identification is difficult due to subtle differences in morphology, and molecular identification is often unfeasible for managers.

Uncoupling of omnivore-mediated positive and negative effects on periphyton mats.

The riverine grass shrimp (Palaemonetes paludosus) and eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) consume periphyton and small invertebrates, potentially affecting periphyton through negative effects (i.e., consumption) and/or positive effects such as nutrient regeneration, physical stimulation, and trophic cascades.