Colostrum Use and the Immune System of Premature Newborns: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Human colostrum has been used in a number of investigations when preterm human infants cannot, for any reason, breastfeed directly from their mothers. One of the growing fields in these investigations is colostrum therapy, which consists of exposing the oropharyngeal mucosa of these preterm newborns to small amounts of raw colostrum.

Research Aim: To critically review the scientific evidence about colostrum therapy in premature infants and to explore its influences on the immune system.

[Acute and chronic cholecystopathies: analysis comparative of the rates and causes of conversion to laparotomy].

Objectives: To analyze the rate and main causes for conversion to open surgery among acute and chronic cholecystitis.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1359 patient medical charts submitted to cholecystectomy in hospitalUniversitário Cajuru's general surgery department was done during the period from january 2000 to october 2006.

Results: One thousand and sixty six laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed, 701 (65.