Association Between Gingival Crevicular Fluid Leptin Levels and Periodontal Status - A Biochemical Study on Indian Patients.

Aim: The present study was carried out to evaluate and compare the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) concentrations of leptin in periodontally healthy and diseased subjects, to compare GCF leptin levels with respect to Body Mass Index (BMI) among the study groups and essentially to obtain an insight into leptin's possible role in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease.

Materials And Methods: A total of 60 subjects; both males and females, based on their body mass index were selected for the study. They were categorized into three groups of 20 subjects each, based on their periodontal status, as follows: Group I (clinically healthy periodontium); Group II (gingivitis); Group III (chronic periodontitis).

A comparative clinical study of the efficacy of subepithelial connective tissue graft and acellular dermal matrix graft in root coverage: 6-month follow-up observation.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of subepithelial connective tissue graft and acellular dermal matrix graft associated with coronally repositioned flap in the treatment of Miller's class I and II gingival recession, 6 months postoperatively.

Settings And Design: Ten patients with bilateral Miller's class I or class II gingival recession were randomly divided into two groups using a split-mouth study design.

Materials And Methods: Group I (10 sites) was treated with subepithelial connective tissue graft along with coronally repositioned flap and Group II (10 sites) treated with acellular dermal matrix graft along with coronally repositioned flap.

Efficacy of guided bone regeneration using composite bone graft and resorbable collagen membrane in Seibert's Class I ridge defects: radiological evaluation.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate radiologically the efficacy of guided bone regeneration using composite bone graft (autogenous bone graft and anorganic bovine bone graft [Bio-Oss]) along with resorbable collagen membrane (BioMend Extend) in the augmentation of Seibert's class I ridge defects in maxilla. Bone width was evaluated using computerized tomography at day 0 and at day 180 at 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm from the crest. There was a statistically significant increase in bone width between day 0 and day 180 at 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm from the crest.

Effects of tetracycline-containing gel and a mixture of tetracycline and citric acid-containing gel on non-surgical periodontal therapy.

Aims And Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and microbiological effects of a newly developed root-conditioning gel system containing tetracycline and a mixture of tetracycline and citric acid on non-surgical periodontal therapy.

Materials And Methods: Four anterior teeth from four quadrants with a probing depth of 4-6 mm, in each of the 20 subjects with chronic periodontitis, were subjected to four different modalities of treatment. A total of 80 teeths were divided into four groups of 20 teeth each taken from separate quadrants, on the basis of one of the following four treatments: (1) Root planning alone in first quadrant (RP group); (2) tetracycline-containing gel in the second quadrant (TCG group); (3) root planning plus tetracycline-containing gel in third quadrant (RP + TCG group); (4) root planning plus a mixture of tetracycline and citric acid-containing gel in fourth quadrant (RP + TC-CAG group).

An overview of frenal attachments.

Frenal attachments are thin folds of mucous membrane with enclosed muscle fibers that attach the lips to the alveolar mucosa and underlying periosteum. Most often, during the oral examination of the patient the dentist gives very little importance to the frenum, for assessing its morpholology and attachment. However, it has been seen that an abnormal frenum can be an indicator of a syndrome.

Role of green tea as an antioxidant in periodontal disease: The Asian paradox.

Green tea is a popular beverage nowadays and intake of green tea polyphenols has shown preventive effect against cancer and cardiovascular disease in experimental and epidemiologic studies. Several studies have suggested that green tea catechins, such as epigallocatechin gallate, inhibit periodontal pathogens and reduce the destruction of periodontal tissue. This paper aims to review the role of green tea in inflammatory diseases, especially in periodontal diseases.

Effect of a volatile smoke component (acrolein) on human gingival fibroblasts: An in vitro study.

Aim: Tobacco and some of its volatile and non-volatile components have been found to affect many types of cells including human gingival fibroblasts. The aim of this present study was to estimate the effect of acrolein, a volatile fraction of cigarette smoke on the attachment, proliferation and ultra structure of human gingival fibroblasts in culture.

Materials And Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts strains obtained from healthy subjects aged 20-30 years, were grown to confluency and utilized between 3(rd) -6(th) passages.

Effect of oil pulling on halitosis and microorganisms causing halitosis: a randomized controlled pilot trial.

Background: Oil pulling therapy has been used extensively as a traditional Indian folk remedy for many years for strengthening teeth, gums, and jaws and to prevent decay, oral malodor, bleeding gums and dryness of throat, and cracked lips.

Aims: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of oil pulling with sesame oil on halitosis and the microorganisms that could be responsible for it and to compare its efficacy with chlorhexidine mouthwash.

Materials And Methods: Group I (oil pulling) and group II (chlorhexidine) included 10 adolescents each.

Mechanism of oil-pulling therapy - in vitro study.

Background: Oil pulling has been used extensively as a traditional Indian folk remedy without scientific proof for many years for strengthening teeth, gums and jaws and to prevent decay, oral malodor, bleeding gums and dryness of throat and cracked lips.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of sesame oil and lignans isolated from sesame oil on oral microorganisms and to check whether saponification or emulsification occurs during oil-pulling therapy.

Materials And Methods: The in vitro study was carried out in three different phases: (1) Antibacterial activity of the lignans and sesame oil were tested by minimum inhibitory concentration assay by agar dilution method and agar well diffusion method, respectively.

Therapeutic effects of proanthocyanidins on the pathogenesis of periodontitis--an overview.

Periodontitis is a bacterially induced chronic inflammatory disease that destroys the connective tissue and bone that support teeth. Bacteria initiates periodontitis and destruction of the alveolar bone and periodontal connective tissue is clearly observed. But, the events occuring between these two points of time remain obscure and this study focusses on these aspects.

Genetic polymorphisms in periodontal diseases: an overview.

Periodontitis is a multi-factorial disease; several risk and susceptibility factors are proposed in its natural history. Genetics is considered a susceptibility factor in relation to periodontitis. This article is a nonsystematic review of literature and focuses on the role of genetic polymorphisms in periodontal diseases.

In vitro studies on inhibitory effect of proanthocyanidins in modulation of neutrophils and macrophages.

The role of proanthocyanidins (PC), a novel flavonoid extracted from grape seeds was studied in vitro in the modulation of neutrophil and macrophage function. We attempted to assess the levels of non-enzymatic and enzymatic mediators in the presence or absence of PC in 4-phorbol-12-beta-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated neutrophils isolated from humans and rats, E. coli endotoxin-stimulated macrophages and macrophages isolated from E.

A new technique for root coverage using buccal fat pad--a short case report.

Gingival recession presents a multifactorial etiology that may be associated with anatomical, physiologic, or pathologic factors. Several surgical techniques are described to manage the gingival recession. The buccal fat pad is a specialized organized fat tissue that maintains its volume and structure over a long period of time.

Protective effect of proanthocyanidins on endotoxin induced experimental periodontitis in rats.

The pathogenesis of periodontitis involves anaerobic oral bacteria as well as the host response to infection and several drugs have been developed which can curtail these deleterious effects. Proanthocyanidin, a novel flavanoid extracted from grape seeds, has been shown to provide a significant therapeutic effect on endotoxin (Escherichia coli) induced experimental periodontitis in rats. In this study, protective action of different doses of proanthocyanidins was investigated in blood by assaying the reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, myeloperoxidase and lipid peroxides, lysosomal enzyme activities such as cathepsin B, cathepsin D, beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase, nonenzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, ceruloplasmin, reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase.

Effect of a controlled release device containing minocycline microspheres on the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A comparative study.

Introduction: Adjunctive therapy with locally delivered antimicrobials has resulted in improved clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of locally administered minocycline microspheres (Arestin) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Materials And Methods: A total of 60 sites from 15 patients in the age group of 35-50 years, who had periodontal pockets measuring 5-8 mm and had been diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, were selected for the study.

Evaluation of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic periodontitis.

Aims And Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate systemic levels of inflammatory markers of cardiovascular diseases like C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in patients with chronic periodontitis, in comparison to periodontally healthy individuals.

Materials And Methods: A total of 42 individuals, both males and females above the age of 30 years, were included in the study. Healthy controls (Group I, n = 14), chronic localized periodontitis (Group II, n = 14), and chronic generalized periodontitis (Group III, n = 14), all without any medical disorder, were recruited.

Effect of oil pulling on plaque induced gingivitis: a randomized, controlled, triple-blind study.

Background: Oil pulling has been used extensively as a traditional Indian folk remedy for many years for strengthening teeth, gums, and the jaw and to prevent decay, oral malodor, bleeding gums, dryness of the throat, and cracked lips.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oil pulling with sesame oil on plaque-induced gingivitis and to compare its efficacy with chlorhexidine mouthwash.

Materials And Methods: A total of 20 age-matched adolescent boys with plaque-induced gingivitis were selected for this study.

Subepithelial connective tissue grafts for the coverage of denuded root surfaces: a clinical report.

Aims And Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTG) in the coverage of denuded roots.

Materials And Methods: A total of 16 sites with > or =2 mm of recession height were included in the study for treatment with SCTG. The clinical parameters, such as recession height, recession width, width of keratinized gingiva, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were measured at the baseline, third month, and at the end of the study [sixth month].

The periodontal - endodontic continuum: A review.

Periodontal therapy deals with many aspects of the supporting structures, including the prevention and repair of lesions of the gingival sulcus. Endodontics deals primarily with disease of the pulp and periapical tissues. The success of both periodontal and endodontic therapy depends on the elimination of both disease processes, whether they exist separately or as a combined lesion.

Effect of three commercial mouth rinses on cultured human gingival fibroblast: an in vitro study.

Aim: To examine the effect of three commercial mouth rinses (Hexidine 0.2%, Listerine Cool Mint, Betadine 1%) upon cultured human gingival fibroblast proliferation.

Materials And Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured and incubated in Dulbecco's Minimum Eagle's Medium containing Chlorhexidine, Listerine, Povidone-Iodine at varying concentrations (1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 100% of the given solution) at 37 degrees C for 1, 5 and 15 min.

Systemic sclerosis.

Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) is a rare generalized disorder of connective tissue origin. This condition is predominantly a clinical diagnosis, based on the clinical signs and symptoms. Here is a case report of 26-year-old female patient with the classical features of this disease.