Slow-release permanganate versus unactivated persulfate for long-term in situ chemical oxidation of 1,4-dioxane and chlorinated solvents.

The objective of this research was to evaluate slow-release permanganate and unactivated persulfate for in situ treatment of dioxane and associated chlorinated solvents. Laboratory batch studies with unactivated persulfate in deionized water or in soil and groundwater demonstrated dioxane removal with pseudo second-order rate constants ranging from 10 to 10 M s. Flow-through column studies demonstrated over 99% dioxane removal with slow-release unactivated persulfate but not with slow-release permanganate.