Spectroscopic imaging to assess biochemical alterations in liver carcinoma cells exposed to transition metals.

Despite the invaluable role of transition metals in every living organism, it should be remembered that failure to maintain the proper balance and exceed the appropriate dose may have the opposite effect. In the era of such a popular and propagated need for supplementation in the media, one should bear in mind the harmful effects that may become the result of improper and excessive intake of transition metals. This article establishes the feasibility of Raman (RS) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging at the single-cell level to investigate the cellular response to various transition metals.

Quantitative and qualitative analyses of drug adsorption on silver nanoparticle monolayers: QCM, SERS, and TEIRA nanospectroscopy studies.

In this study for the first time, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and tip-enhanced infrared (TEIRA) nanospectrocopy together with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) are postulated as powerful tools for comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analyses of drug/metal nanocarrier conjugates. The development of efficient drug/carrier systems requires that the stability of the drug/carrier connection be estimated and the number of drug molecules immobilized on the carrier surface be determined. Thus, such a characterization study is highly desirable.

Surface Functionalization of Poly(l-lactide--glycolide) Membranes with RGD-Grafted Poly(2-oxazoline) for Periodontal Tissue Engineering.

Bone tissue defects resulting from periodontal disease are often treated using guided tissue regeneration (GTR). The barrier membranes utilized here should prevent soft tissue infiltration into the bony defect and simultaneously support bone regeneration. In this study, we designed a degradable poly(l-lactide--glycolide) (PLGA) membrane that was surface-modified with cell adhesive arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motifs.

Raman spectroscopy of urinary extracellular vesicles to stratify patients with chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes.

In this study, we verified the hypothesis that Raman signature of urinary extracellular vesicles (UEVs) can be used to stratify patients with diabetes at various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed with different stages of CKD and healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. UEVs were isolated using low-vacuum filtration followed by ultracentrifugation.

Tracking of the biochemical changes upon pleomorphic adenoma progression using vibrational microspectroscopy.

Head and neck tumors can be very challenging to treat because of the risk of problems or complications after surgery. Therefore, prompt and accurate diagnosis is extremely important to drive appropriate treatment decisions, which may reduce the chance of recurrence. This paper presents the original research exploring the feasibility of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy (RS) methods to investigate biochemical alterations upon the development of the pleomorphic adenoma.

The Impact of Preprocessing Methods for a Successful Prostate Cell Lines Discrimination Using Partial Least Squares Regression and Discriminant Analysis Based on Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) is widely used in the analysis of the chemical composition of biological materials and has the potential to reveal new aspects of the molecular basis of diseases, including different types of cancer. The potential of FT-IR in cancer research lies in its capability of monitoring the biochemical status of cells, which undergo malignant transformation and further examination of spectral features that differentiate normal and cancerous ones using proper mathematical approaches. Such examination can be performed with the use of chemometric tools, such as partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification and partial least squares regression (PLSR), and proper application of preprocessing methods and their correct sequence is crucial for success.

Exploring subcellular responses of prostate cancer cells to clinical doses of X-rays by Raman microspectroscopy.

Modern techniques of radiotherapy such as fractioned radiotherapy require applications of low doses of ionizing radiation (up to 10 Gy) for effective patient treatment. It is, therefore, crucial to understand the response mechanisms in cancer cells irradiated with low (clinical) doses. The cell's response to irradiation depends on a dose and post-irradiation time.

In search of the correlation between nanomechanical and biomolecular properties of prostate cancer cells with different metastatic potential.

Nanomechanical properties of living cells, as measured with atomic force microscopy (AFM), are increasingly recognized as criteria that differentiate normal and pathologically altered cells. Locally measured cell elastic properties, described by the parameter known as Young's modulus, are currently proposed as a new diagnostic parameter that can be used at the early stage of cancer detection. In this study, local mechanical properties of normal human prostate (RWPE-1) cells and a range of malignant (22Rv1) and metastatic prostate cells (LNCaP, Du145 and PC3) were investigated.

Micro- and Nanoscale Spectroscopic Investigations of Threonine Influence on the Corrosion Process of the Modified Fe Surface by Cu Nanoparticles.

The work presents a comprehensive vibrational analysis of the process of adsorption of threonine (Thr) onto an Fe surface with deposited Cu nanoparticles (NPs) (of about 4-5 nm in size) in a corrosive environment. The application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA) provides the opportunity for detailed description of adsorption geometry of amino acid onto a metal surface. The combination of conventional infrared spectroscopy (IR) with atomic force microscopy (AFM) resulted in a nano-SEIRA technique which made it possible to provide a precise description of adsorbate binding to the metal surface.

Physicochemical damage and early-stage biological response to X-ray radiation studied in prostate cancer cells by Raman spectroscopy.

Exposure to ionizing radiation significantly affects biochemistry of cancer cells. The effect of irradiation can be divided into two stages, that is, the physicochemical stage and the biological response. Both effects induce different biochemical changes in the cells and should be analyzed as two separate phenomena.

Nanoscale infrared probing of amyloid formation within the pleomorphic adenoma tissue.

Background: The process of malignant transformations of many tumour cases is still unclear and more specific experimental approaches are necessary. The detailed identification of the pathological changes may help in the therapy progression through the development of drugs with more selective action.

Methods: In this study, the AFM-IR nanospectroscopy was applied for the first time to the pleomorphic adenoma (TM) and the marginal tissue characterizations.

Lipid droplets in prostate cancer cells and effect of irradiation studied by Raman microspectroscopy.

Lipid droplets (LDs) are key organelles in cancer cells proliferation, growth, and response to stress. These nanometric structures can aggregate to reach the size of microns becoming important cell components. Although it is known that LDs contain various lipids, their chemical composition is still under investigation.

Author Correction: Comparison of spectral and spatial denoising techniques in the context of High Definition FT-IR imaging hyperspectral data.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Comparison between high definition FT-IR, Raman and AFM-IR for subcellular chemical imaging of cholesteryl esters in prostate cancer cells.

The family of vibrational spectroscopic imaging techniques grows every few years and there is a need to compare and contrast new modalities with the better understood ones, especially in the case of demanding biological samples. Three vibrational spectroscopy techniques (high definition Fourier-transform infrared [FT-IR], Raman and atomic force microscopy infrared [AFM-IR]) were applied for subcellular chemical imaging of cholesteryl esters in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. The techniques were compared and contrasted in terms of image quality, spectral pattern and chemical information.

Saliva as a non-invasive material for early diagnosis.

The proper diagnosis is a critical factor to reduce further disturbances at the early stage of the disease and plays an important role in increasing the success rate of the therapy. The traditional diagnostic tools such as biopsy or blood collection are always associated with patient's discomfort, the possibility of infections and time-consuming procedures. This article describes the non-invasive and easily accessible saliva as a source of numerous molecular biomarkers.

Spectroscopic insights into the effect of pH, temperature, and stabilizer on erlotinib adsorption behavior onto Ag nanosurface.

In this study, surface - enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was applied at the first time for estimation of how pH, temperature, and nanoparticle (NP) stabilizer affect an adsorption behavior of erlotinib (drug approved in a non-small cell lung cancer therapy) onto citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Novel approach to improve cancer therapy assumes application of NPs as an efficient drug delivery system. This strategy requires designing stable drug/nanocarrier conjugates that can effectively interact in the target site.

Noise-free simulation of an FT-IR imaging hyperspectral dataset of pancreatic biopsy core bound by experiment.

A noise-free hyperspectral FT-IR imaging dataset of a pancreatic tissue core was simulated based on experimental data that allows to test the performance of various data analysis and processing algorithms. A set of experimental noise levels was also added and used for denoising approaches comparison, which due to the noise-free reference signal enables to truly observe signal distortion caused by different approaches.

Influence of denoising on classification results in the context of hyperspectral data: High Definition FT-IR imaging.

Owing to the high information content about the biochemical composition of the sample, the implementation of Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) in the clinic is currently under investigation by many researchers. Cancer biology with the use of histopathological models is one of the most explored application areas. Most of the publications show sensitivity of the method to be above 90%, however, it is still often not enough for clinical standards.

Nanoscale AFM-IR spectroscopic imaging of lipid heterogeneity and effect of irradiation in prostate cancer cells.

The recent development of the AFM-IR technique, which combines nanoscale imaging with chemical contrast through infrared spectroscopy, opened up new fields for exploration, which were out of reach for other modalities, e.g. Raman spectroscopy.

Characterization of the Brain Penetrant Neuropeptide Y Y2 Receptor Antagonist SF-11.

This paper discusses the biological and three-dimensional molecular structure of the novel, nonpeptide Y2R antagonist, SF-11 [-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-piperidinecarbothioamide]. Pharmacokinetic studies in a rat model indicated that, following intraperitoneal dosing, SF-11 crossed the blood-brain barrier and was able to penetrate the brain, making it a suitable tool for behavioral studies. We showed for the first time that SF-11 decreased the immobility time in the forced swim test (FST) after acute peripheral administration (10 and 20 mg/kg), indicating that it has antidepressant potential.

Exploring subcellular responses of prostate cancer cells to X-ray exposure by Raman mapping.

Understanding the response of cancer cells to ionising radiation is a crucial step in modern radiotherapy. Raman microspectroscopy, together with Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) analysis has been shown to be a powerful tool for monitoring biochemical changes of irradiated cells on the subcellular level. However, to date, the majority of Raman studies have been performed using a single spectrum per cell, giving a limited view of the total biochemical response of the cell.