Digital learning strategies in residency education.

Background: New digital learning environments have transformed medical education and training, allowing students and teachers to engage in synchronous, real-time interactions and asynchronous learning activities online. Despite extensive research on the role of digital technologies in education, understanding the interplay between digital technology, work, and learning, especially in complex fields like healthcare, remains a challenge.

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine resident physicians' perceptions and experiences of using a digital learning environment as part of their specialist medical training.

Clinical supervisors' experience of a first-time application of entrustable professional activities in clinical supervision of medical students: findings from a Swedish pilot study.

Background: Recently, all medical universities in Sweden jointly developed a framework for Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) for work-based training and assessment. This framework is now being introduced nationally in the new 6-year undergraduate medical programme that directly lead to a licence to practise. When EPAs are introduced, it is of central importance to gain clinical supervisors' acceptance to apply the framework in their supervision of students.

Physicians' self-perceived preparedness for clinical supervision of medical students at university and non-university hospitals -results from a Swedish survey.

Background: The need for clinical placements outside traditional teaching hospitals for medical students is growing, both due to a decrease in hospital beds and the expansion of medical students. In this survey, distributed to supervisors at university and non-university hospitals, we investigated supervisors' self-perceived preparedness for the training assignment and searched for factors associated with self-perceived pedagogical knowledge and familiarity with the students' learning objectives.

Methods: A pilot survey was developed using results from qualitative studies regarding clinical supervision of medical students and included questions on the supervisors' education and preparation, if they were familiar with the students' learning objectives, self-perceived pedagogical knowledge, and characteristics of the learning environment.

Why and When Physicians Google: Resident Physicians' Information-Seeking Strategies During Patient Consultations.

Physicians depend on access to accurate, up-to-date information and knowledge to make decisions and carry out their work. Today, access to online medical information has become easier than ever before. There is a stream of research interested in understanding how online health information intervenes and influences the patient-physician relationship.

Designing for digital transformation of residency education - a post-pandemic pedagogical response.

Background: The forced transition to emergency remote teaching (ERT) during the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted health professions education worldwide. In Sweden, the need for alternative solutions for the training of junior doctors became urgent, as many of the mandatory onsite courses required for residents to qualify as specialists were canceled. The purpose of this study was to understand course leaders' perceptions and experiences of using digital technologies, such as video conferencing, to teach medical residents (ST) during the pandemic and beyond.

E-learning as Part of Residency Education.

Through a literature review in combination with qualitative analysis of course evaluations, this study examines aspects that contribute to enhancing e-learning for physicians in a residency education program. The literature review and the qualitative analysis outline three main factors (pedagogical, technological, and organizational), highlighting the importance of a holistic approach that includes learning and technology in context when integrating e-learning strategies in adult learning programs. The findings contribute insights and practical guidance for education organizers on how to conduct e-learning during and after the pandemic.

Coma, Severe Hypotension, and Pinpoint Pupils After Olanzapine Intoxication in the Intensive Care Unit with Symptom Reversal After Administration of Flumazenil.

BACKGROUND Olanzapine is an antipsychotic drug and is used in critical care to treat delirium. There is no known antidote to olanzapine intoxication. Overdosing olanzapine can cause, tremor, bradykinesia, hypotension somnolence, coma, and miosis.

[Colleague supervision as an educational model in a course for specialist training doctors: a possibility to educate many clinical supervisors for medical students].

Colleague supervision is an educational model where equal colleagues give each other feedback on a professional activity. We present how colleague supervision can be used in the training of clinical supervisors for medical students. In a course given to specialist training doctors since 2018, participants observe each other when supervising students in the clinic.

Two screening instruments for collecting alcohol-related information from expectant mothers and fathers: Testing the reliability of the Parent Alcohol Screening Questionnaire and the Social Support for an Alcohol-Free Pregnancy Questionnaire.

The aim is to test the reliability of two alcohol screening instruments: (1) The Parent Alcohol Screening Questionnaire (PASQ5), and (2) the Social Support for an Alcohol-free Pregnancy (SSAFP) questionnaire. This is a cohort study from the south of Sweden using repeated surveys during pregnancy. To examine if responses differed according to different data collection methods, two cohorts consisting of 289 expectant mothers and 141 fathers completed the PASQ5 both verbally (weeks 6-7) and in writing (week 12) within regular antenatal visits.

A survey of contemporary antenatal parental education in Sweden: What is offered to expectant parents and midwives' experiences.

Objective: To explore how antenatal parental education is provided in southern Sweden and midwives' experiences of it.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey with data collection from 66 antenatal clinics and 189 midwives during 2016. Descriptive and comparative statistics, chi-square and t-tests, were used to present the findings.

"I Didn't Know What to Ask About": First-Time Mothers' Conceptions of Prenatal Preparation for the Early Parenthood Period.

The aim of this phenomenographic study was to describe first-time mothers' conceptions of prenatal preparation for the early parenthood period in relation to their experiences of early parenthood. Eighteen first-time mothers were interviewed approximately 1 month after giving birth. The categories identified in the analysis were: , and .

First-time fathers experiences of their prenatal preparation in relation to challenges met in the early parenthood period: Implications for early parenthood preparation.

Objective: to describe first-time fathers experiences of their prenatal preparation in relation to challenges met in the early parenthood period.

Design: a qualitative study was conducted and data was analysed with a phenomenographical approach.

Setting And Participants: 15 first-time fathers were recruited from three postnatal units in southern Sweden and interviewed approximately one month after their baby was born.

Acromegaly caused by ectopic growth hormone-releasing hormone production from a bronchial carcinoid tumor.

Acromegaly is usually caused by a growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma. In rare cases, however, it is caused by the ectopic production of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). We report a case of acromegaly due to ectopic production of GHRH from a bronchial carcinoid in a 42-year-old female.

[Hepatitis C: a clinical-histopathological study].

Objective: Hepatitis C is a common cause of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in Western countries. In recent years a large group of individuals have been diagnosed with the disease in Iceland. The aim of this study was to investigate histological parameters of patients with hepatitis C and to correlate histological findings with clinical findings.

Biological and genetic differences between lung- and brain-derived isolates of maedi-visna virus.

During the epidemic caused by maedi-visna virus (MVV) of sheep in Iceland, the pulmonary affection, maedi, was the predominant clinical manifestation. In some flocks, however, a central nervous system (CNS) affection, visna, was the main cause of morbidity and mortality. As there is only one breed of sheep in the country, host factors did apparently not play an important role in the different clinical manifestations.

In vivo and in vitro infection with two different molecular clones of visna virus.

The behavior of two genetically different molecular clones of visna virus KV1772-kv72/67 and LV1-1KS1 was compared in vivo and in vitro. On intracerebral inoculation, clone KV1772-kv72/67 induced a similar response in five sheep as has already been reported with neurovirulent derivates of visna virus. Virus was frequently isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and lymphoid organs and induced characteristic central nervous system (CNS) lesions.

Inhibitory effect of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine on visna virus infection in lambs: a model for in vivo testing of candidate anti-human immunodeficiency virus drugs.

The acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analog 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) was recently found to be effective as an inhibitor of visna virus replication and cytopathic effect in sheep choroid plexus cultures. To study whether PMEA also affects visna virus infection in sheep, two groups of four lambs each were inoculated intracerebrally with 10(6.3) TCID50 of visna virus strain KV1772 and treated subcutaneously three times a week with PMEA at 10 and 25 mg/kg, respectively.

Pathogenesis of central nervous system lesions in visna cell-mediated immunity and lymphocyte subsets in blood, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid.

The time course and titers of antibodies did not correlate with the severity of CNS lesions whereas the CMI did, indicating that CMI may play an important role in lesion development. The correlation of the number of CD8 positive cells in the CSF with the severity of lesions and the reversed ratio of CD4/CD8 positive cells in the diffusely infiltrated neuroparenchyma indicates that the CD8 positive T cells may be an important effector cell in the induction of CNS lesions.

Pathogenesis of central nervous system lesions in visna: cell-mediated immunity and lymphocyte subsets in blood, brain and cerebrospinal fluid.

There are several indications that central nervous system (CNS) lesions in visna are immune-mediated and that cell-mediated immunity (CMI) may be of importance in the initiation of the lesions. To study the role of CMI in the pathogenesis of CNS lesions, five sheep were infected by intracerebral inoculation with visna virus and observed for 1 year. The following parameters were monitored at regular intervals: (1) neutralizing and ELISA antibodies; (2) visna virus-specific stimulation of lymphocytes from peripheral blood; (3) lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain at sacrifice.

Human and ovine lentiviral infections compared.

Maedi-visna virus (MVV) of sheep was the first lentivirus to be isolated. The genomic organization of MVV is very similar to that of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with several genes regulating the expression of the viral genome. Viral replication is severely restricted in the host and some cells apparently contain the genetic information in a DNA provirus form with little or no expression of viral antigens.

[Visna and AIDS--various comparative aspects].

Visna, a lingering meningo-encephalitis in sheep, was one of the diseases on which B. Sigurdsson based his theory of a special group of disorders called slow infections. The cause of the disease, a retrovirus, was isolated in 1957.