Fungal rhinosinusitis in patients with chronic sinusal disease.

Aim: Fungal rhinosinusitis in patients with chronic sinusal disease study. In the past decades, there has been an increase in fungal infections, and fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) has been diagnosed more frequently. Knowing the fungal flora, its prevalence and symptomatic presentation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) will allow a better understanding of this disease, permitting a correct diagnosis, and treatment and formulating its prognosis.

Oropharyngeal aspiration in pediatric patients with endotracheal intubation.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with oropharyngeal aspiration in pediatric patients submitted to mechanical ventilation and endotracheal intubation.

Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Setting: Four pediatric intensive care units.

Microbiology of middle meatus in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Nasal endoscopy allows the collection of middle meatus secretion samples and is an alternative method for determining microorganisms in rhinosinusitis. This study assessed endoscopically collected middle meatus secretions in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and compared those findings with ipsilateral maxillary sinus aspirates and microbiological data of healthy individuals.

Methods: Middle meatus samples were collected from 114 CRS patients for aerobic, anaerobic, and fungal cultures; maxillary sinus secretions were collected from 13 of these patients.

A pathogenic triad in chronic cough: asthma, postnasal drip syndrome, and gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Background: Coughing may be produced by a number of different disorders in distinct anatomic sites. Chronic cough causes major functional limitation in a considerable patient population and requires careful evaluation.

Methods: Seventy-eight nonsmoking patients of both genders who complained of cough for > or =3 weeks and had normal findings on plain chest radiographs were studied prospectively.

Cefodizime once daily in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections.

Cefodizime (CAS 69739-16-8, HR 221) is a new third-generation cephalosporin with pharmacokinetic properties that make it suitable for once-daily administration in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Ninety-nine adult hospitalized patients (66 males, 33 females, median age 57.5 years) received a once-daily injection of 2 g cefodizime for LRTI.

Cefodizime given in single or divided doses for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection.

The safety and efficacy of two dose regimens of cefodizime (CAS 69739-16-8, HR 221) in hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infections were assessed in two consecutive studies. Sputum bacteriology, chest X-ray and a safety laboratory check were performed at baseline and after therapy. In order to compensate for the lack of a double-blind design the evaluation was conducted as a clinical intention-to-treat analysis.

[Rigid respiratory endoscopy in children].

From march 1989 to march 1992, three hundred and fifty six respiratory endoscopies were performed at "Hospital da Criança Santo Antônio", Porto Alegre, Brazil. The endoscopies were performed with a rigid pediatric bronchoscope and under general anaesthesia. The most common indications for endoscopy were stridor (52%), suspected foreign body (16%), atelectasis (16%) and difficult tracheal extubation (8%).

Syngamosis: two new Brazilian cases and evidence of a possible pulmonary cycle.

Cases of syngamosis due to Mammomanogamus laryngeus are reported, with a discussion of diagnostic aspects. A pulmonary cycle for M. laryngeus is proposed, suggested by the appearance of a transient area of homogeneous consolidation of the lung, detected by X-ray.

Bronchopulmonary lavage in alveolar microlithiasis.

We describe the first known use of volume-controlled bronchopulmonary lavage in a case of alveolar microlithiasis. Although the procedure has often been discussed in the literature as theoretically useful in the therapy for this disease, in our case it showed no efficacy in clearing the alveolar spherules.

Inhibitory innervation to the guinea pig trachealis muscle.

The inhibitory innervation of the cervical trachea was studied in situ in anesthetized male guinea pigs. We measured effects of electrical stimulation of vagal motor and sympathetic trunk nerve fibers, during atropine, on trachealis muscle tension. Effects of direct transmural stimulation of trachealis muscle were also determined.