Taste Preferences in Broilers: Effect of Age, Delivery Matrix, and Number of Chickens per Pen on Selection and Consumption Behaviour.

Due to substantial differences between studies, the understanding of avian taste perception remains incomplete. Also, studies on chicken taste preferences have mainly focused on measuring consumption differences, neglecting consumption behaviour patterns. This study investigated how age, the compound delivery matrix, and the number of birds per pen affect broiler chicken preferences and consumption behaviour, and established their preference values for four taste compounds.

The Expression of Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Receptors Show an Age-Dependent Pattern Involving Oral Cavity, Jejunum and Lower Gut Sensing in Broiler Chickens.

This work aimed to evaluate the gene expression of amino acids (AA) and fatty acids (FA) sensors in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of chickens at two different ages (7 and 26 days post-hatch). Sixteen broilers (Ross 308) were selected, and ten sections of the GIT, including upper (tongue base, upper palate, crop, proventriculus), middle (gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum), and lower GIT section (cecum, colon) were collected for analysis. Relative gene expression of AA (T1R1, T1R3, mGluR1, mGluR4, CaSR, GPR139, GPRC6A, GPR92) and FA (FFAR2, FFAR3, FFAR4) sensors were assessed using qPCR.

Overexpression of DAZL, STRA8, and BOULE Genes and Treatment With BMP4 or Retinoic Acid Modulate the Expression of MSC Overexpressing Germ Cell Genes.

gamete derivation from stem cells has potential applications in animal reproduction as an alternative method for the dissemination of elite animal genetics, production of transgenic animals, and conservation of endangered species. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be suitable candidates for gamete derivation considering their differentiative capacity and their potential for cell therapy. Due to its relevance in gametogenesis, it has been reported that retinoic acid (RA) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4 are able to upregulate the expression of specific markers associated to the early stages of germ cell (GCs) differentiation in bovine fetal MSCs (bfMSCs).

Myogenic Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Fetal Bovine Bone Marrow.

The myogenic potential of bovine fetal MSC (bfMSC) derived from bone marrow (BM) remains unknown; despite its potential application for the study of myogenesis and its implications for livestock production. In the present study, three protocols for in vitro myogenic differentiation of bfMSC based on the use of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza), myoblast-secreted factor Galectin-1 (Gal-1), and myoblast culture medium SkGM-2 BulletKit were used. Plastic-adherent bfMSC were isolated from fetal BM collected from abattoir-derived fetuses.

CGDEase, a Pseudomonas fluorescens protein of the PLC/APase superfamily with CDP-ethanolamine and (dihexanoyl)glycerophosphoethanolamine hydrolase activity induced by osmoprotectants under phosphate-deficient conditions.

A novel enzyme, induced by choline, ethanolamine, glycine betaine or dimethylglycine, was released at low temperature and phosphate from Pseudomonas fluorescens (CECT 7229) suspensions at low cell densities. It is a CDP-ethanolamine pyrophosphatase/(dihexanoyl)glycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase (CGDEase) less active on choline derivatives, and inactive on long-chain phospholipids, CDP-glycerol and other NDP-X compounds. The reaction pattern was typical of phospholipase C (PLC), as either phosphoethanolamine or phosphocholine was produced.

CDP-alcohol hydrolase, a very efficient activity of the 5'-nucleotidase/UDP-sugar hydrolase encoded by the ushA gene of Yersinia intermedia and Escherichia coli.

Nucleoside 5'-diphosphate-X hydrolases are interesting enzymes to study due to their varied activities and structure-function relationships and the roles they play in the disposal, assimilation, and modulation of the effects of their substrates. Few of these enzymes with a preference for CDP-alcohols are known. In Yersinia intermedia suspensions prepared from cultures on Columbia agar with 5% sheep blood, we found a CDP-alcohol hydrolase liberated to Triton X-100-containing medium.