Role of gut microbial-derived metabolites and other select agents on adipocyte browning.

Aims: Metabolic disease is a multifaceted condition characterized by the disruption of numerous metabolic parameters within the host. Its prevalence has surged significantly in recent years and it has become a prominent non-communicable disease worldwide. The effect of gut microbiota on various beige fat induction is well studied, while the mechanisms behind the link remain unclear.

Antibiotic induced adipose tissue browning in C57BL/6 mice: An association with the metabolic profile and the gut microbiota.

Aims: The use of antibiotics affects health. The gut microbial dysbiosis by antibiotics is thought to be an essential pathway to influence health. It is important to have optimized energy utilization, in which adipose tissues (AT) play crucial roles in maintaining health.

Postnatal 14D is the Key Window for Mice Intestinal Development- An Insight from Age-Dependent Antibiotic-Mediated Gut Microbial Dysbiosis Study.

The postnatal period is one of the critical windows for the structure-function development of the gastrointestinal tract and associated mucosal immunity. Along with other constituent members, recent studies suggest the contribution of gut microbiota in maintaining host health, immunity, and development. Although the gut microbiota's role in maintaining barrier integrity is known, its function in early life development still needs to be better understood.

A Systematic Review on the Association between Obesity and Mood Disorders and the Role of Gut Microbiota.

Obesity is a complex health condition that increases the susceptibility to developing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and numerous other metabolic health issues. The effect of obesity is not just limited to the conditions mentioned above; it is also seen to have a profound impact on the patient's mental state, leading to the onset of various mental disorders, particularly mood disorders. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the mechanism underlying the crosstalk between obesity and mental disorders.

Sex and Time: Important Variables for Understanding the Impact of Constant Darkness on Behavior, Brain, and Physiology.

The circadian clock can coordinate, regulate and predict physiology and behavior in response to the standard light-dark (LD: 12 h light and 12 h dark) cycle. If we alter the LD cycle by exposing mice to constant darkness (DD: 00 h light and 24 h dark), it can perturb behavior, the brain, and associated physiological parameters. The length of DD exposure and the sex of experimental animals are crucial variables that could alter the impact of DD on the brain, behavior, and physiology, which have not yet been explored.

Effects of constant darkness on behaviour and physiology of male and female mice.

A healthy state of life suggests not only a disease-free condition but also normal psychological functioning and behaviour. To maintain a healthy life, the duration of light exposure is a crucial factor. Perturbation of the standard light-dark cycle (LD: 12 h light-12 h dark in mice) may result in brain, behavioural and physiological abnormalities.

A comparative analysis of gut microbial dysbiosis by select antibiotics and DSS to understand the effects of perturbation on the host immunity and metabolism.

Aims: Balanced gut microbial composition of the host plays a crucial role in maintaining harmony among various physiological processes to maintain physiological homeostasis. Immunity and metabolism are the two physiologies mainly controlled by the gut microbiota. Reports suggested that gut microbial composition and diversity alteration are the leading causes of the host's healthy homeostasis alteration or a diseased state.

Association between liver enzymes and metabolic syndrome in Canadian adults: results from the Canadian health measures survey - cycles 3 &4.

Background: The relationship between liver enzymes and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in different populations, including Canadians, is not consistent and well understood. We used the Canadian Health Measures Survey data (Cycles 3 and 4) to examine the cross-sectional relationships between select liver biomarkers and MetS in the adult Canadian population. The biomarkers selected were gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALKP).

Cost Effective Method for gDNA Isolation from the Cecal Content and High Yield Procedure for RNA Isolation from the Colonic Tissue of Mice.

Microbiome studies are quickly gaining momentum. Since most of the resident microbes (consisting of bacteria, fungi, and viruses) are difficult to culture, sequencing the microbial genome is the method of choice to characterize them. It is therefore important to have efficient methodology for gDNA isolation of gut microbes.

Impact of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on liver steatosis/fibrosis/inflammation and redox balance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2-I) are the most recently approved drugs for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent clinical trials of these compounds reported beneficial cardiovascular (CV) and renal outcomes. A major cause of vascular dysfunction and CV disease in diabetes is hyperglycemia associated with inflammation and oxidative stress.

Effects of starch-rich or fat-rich diets on metabolism, adiposity, and glycemia in immune-biased, C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice.

Diet maintains health by regulating host metabolism and immunity. The results revealed the consequence of starch-, unsaturated fat-, and saturated fat-rich diets on differentially immune-biased mice C57BL/6 and BALB/c. Time-course of various diets on differentially immune-biased mice revealed that starch-rich and unsaturated fat-rich diets reduced insulin resistance (IR) and visceral adiposity in BALB/c mice while a saturated fat-rich diet enhanced both parameters.

Postnatal intestinal mucosa and gut microbial composition develop hand in hand: A mouse study.

Background: During the early postnatal life, gut microbiota development experiences dynamic changes in their structural and functional composition. The postnatal period is the critical window to develop a host defense mechanism. The maturation of intestinal mucosal barrier integrity is one of the essential defense mechanisms to prevent the entry of pathogens.

Differential colitis susceptibility of Th1- and Th2-biased mice: A multi-omics approach.

The health and economic burden of colitis is increasing globally. Understanding the role of host genetics and metagenomics is essential to establish the molecular basis of colitis pathogenesis. In the present study, we have used a common composite dose of DSS to compare the differential disease severity response in C57BL/6 (Th1 biased) and BALB/c (Th2 biased) mice with zero mortality rates.

Predictive biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in adult Canadian population.

Background: Elevated levels of the enzymes gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been shown to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objective: To assess cross-sectional relationships between biomarkers GGT, ALT, AST, ALP and CVD in adult Canadian population.

Methods: The Canadian Health Measures Surveys (CHMSs) are a series of cross-sectional national surveys and collect information on indicators of general health and wellness of Canadians.

Microbiota transplantation from younger to older mice could restore lost immunity to effectively clear salmonella infection in Th2-biased BALB/c mice.

Aims: The composition, overtly abundance, and diversity of gut microbiota, play a significant role in maintaining physiological homeostasis with age. Reports revealed that the gut microbial profile might be correlated with immunity and metabolism. It is, therefore, tantamount to know if an older individual can achieve the immunity and metabolic profile of a younger individual by receiving the gut microbiome of a younger individual.

Effects of two potential probiotic Lactobacillus bacteria on adipogenesis in vitro.

Aims: Overweight is a major global health problem. Various methodologies to get rid of the extra fat are available, but usually, those are associated with adverse side effects. Probiotics, on the contrary, seem to have the potential to help reduce fat accumulation without much apparent adversity.

Secretory clusterin promotes oral cancer cell survival via inhibiting apoptosis by activation of autophagy in AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 dependent pathway.

Aims: Secretory clusterin (sCLU) plays an important role in tumor development and cancer progression. However, the molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of sCLU in oral cancer is unclear. We examined the impact of sCLU-mediated autophagy in cell survival and apoptosis inhibition in oral cancer.

Macrophage plays important role in cortisol and serotonin induced adipogenesis in vitro.

Psychological stress is an important cause to induce various metabolic disorders such as obesity, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders by affecting the visceral adipose tissue. Pathophysiology of these diseases is often accompanied by the hyperactive immune system. The hyperactive immune system causes immune cells to infiltrate in the adipose tissue to increase the severity of metabolic disorders and to affect the levels of stress associated hormones, such as cortisol and serotonin.

Vaginal microbiota of asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis: Are they different from normal microbiota?

Vaginal microbiota contributes in maintaining and protecting the urogenital niche from infections and their sequelae. Despite extensive research, microbiome studies have often ignored asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). The present study aimed to explore the cultivable vaginal bacterial and mycological communities in women asymptomatic for BV and VVC using multiplex PCR and species-specific PCR.

GG reverses mortality of neonatal mice against challenge.

Pathogenic infection is one of the major causes of death in newborns. Antibiotic based therapies are still the major mode of treatment for infection. Increased usage of antibiotics leads to selective evolution of microorganisms and causes diseases in adulthood.

Carbon nanotubes significantly enhance the biological activity of CpG ODN in chickens.

Synthetic unmethylated cytidine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) is an effective immune stimulant in chicken. To be effective CpG dosage requirement is high. High dosage increases cost of treatment and introduces toxicity.

Cortisol regulates immune and metabolic processes in murine adipocytes and macrophages through HTR2c and HTR5a serotonin receptors.

Epidemiological studies implicate stress as an important factor contributing to the increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders. Studies have correlated visceral obesity and atherosclerosis with hyper-cortisolemia, a sequela of chronic psychological stress in humans and animals. Although several hormonal markers of stress have been associated with various metabolic disorders, the mechanism by which these hormones alter metabolic functions have not been established.

Role of murine macrophage in temporal regulation of cortisol- and serotonin-induced adipogenesis in pre-adipocytes when grown together.

Regulation of adipogenesis, the root cause for obesity, is very poorly understood. However, studies have presented evidence of immuno-metabolic regulation of adipose tissue during periods of chronic psychological stress, leading to adverse conditions related to stress manifestation, including visceral obesity and atherosclerosis. Despite pronounced association of hormonal markers of stress with dys-regulated metabolic states, the contributing signalling events are yet to be established.

Probiotics L. acidophilus and B. clausii Modulate Gut Microbiota in Th1- and Th2-Biased Mice to Ameliorate Salmonella Typhimurium-Induced Diarrhea.

Gut microbiota play important role in maintaining health. Probiotics are believed to augment it further. We aimed at comparing effects of probiotics, Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) and Bacillus clausii (BC) (a) on the gut microbiota abundance and diversity and (b) their contributions to control intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation in Th1- and Th2-biased mice following Salmonella infection.