Anodized Ti6Al4V-ELI, electroplated with copper is bactericidal against Staphylococcus aureus and enhances macrophage phagocytosis.

Implants aim to restore skeletal dysfunction associated with ageing and trauma, yet infection and ineffective immune responses can lead to failure. This project characterized the microbiological and host cell responses to titanium alloy with or without electroplated metallic copper. Bacterial viability counting and scanning electron microscopy quantified and visualized the direct and indirect bactericidal effects of the Cu-electroplated titanium (Cu-Ep-Ti) against two different Staphylococcus aureus strains.

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Diagnostic Code Accuracy and Implications in the Real-World Setting.

Background And Objectives: Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) carries increased risk of neurodegenerative parkinsonian disorder or dementia (NPD) but is difficult to accurately screen for in the community. Health care data offer the opportunity to identify large numbers of iRBD cases among outpatients. We aimed to determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of an RBD (ICD) code for actual iRBD based on manual review of the electronic health record (EHR), examine risk of NPD diagnosis, and explore whether a statistical model developed using selected EHR data can identify individuals with the RBD ICD code who have high probability for actual iRBD.

Race for the surface between THP-1 macrophages and Staphylococcus aureus on various titanium implants with well-defined topography and wettability.

Gristina et al. (1987) suggested that the fate of a biomaterial is decided in a "race for the surface" between pathogens and the host. To gain deeper insight into the mechanisms behind this concept, we investigated the "race for the surface" across three co-culture scenarios with THP-1 macrophages and Staphylococcus aureus (1:1 ratio), varying the order of addition: (i) simultaneous, (ii) macrophages first, and (iii) S.

The 2024 U.S. Elections: Global Health Policy at a Crossroads.

The 2024 U.S. election will shape the future of global health policy, with crucial implications for continuing U.

The Effect of Powder Reuse on Electron Beam Melting for Biomedical Implants.

The ability of additive manufacturing to generate intricate structures has led to its popularity and widespread use in a variety of applications, ranging from the production of biomedical implants to aircraft components. Additive manufacturing techniques can overcome the limitations of the traditional manufacturing methods to create complex near-net-form structures. A vast array of clinical applications effectively employ Ti-6Al-4V as a biomaterial.

Multifaceted bone response to immunomodulatory magnesium implants: Osteopromotion at the interface and adipogenesis in the bone marrow.

Orthopedic implants made of biodegradable magnesium (Mg) provide an alternative to nondegradable implants for fracture repair. Widely reported to be pro-osteogenic, Mg implants are also believed to be anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastic, but this is difficult to reconcile with the early clinical inflammation observed around these implants. Here, by surveying implant healing in a rat bone model, we determined the cellular responses and structural assembly of bone correlated with the surface changes of Mg implants inherent in degradation.

Mitigating Alarm Fatigue and Improving the Bedside Experience by Reducing Nonactionable Alarms.

Objective: To assess whether conditional bedside alarm triggers can reduce the frequency of nonactionable alarms without compromising patient safety and enhance nursing and family satisfaction.

Study Design: Single-center, quality improvement initiative in an acute care cardiac unit and pediatric intensive care unit. Following the 4-week preintervention baseline period, bedside monitors were programmed with hierarchical time delay and conditional alarm triggers.

Macrophage-to-osteocyte communication: Impact in a 3D in vitro implant-associated infection model.

Macrophages and osteocytes are important regulators of inflammation, osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. However, their interactions under adverse conditions, such as biomaterial-associated infection (BAI) are not fully understood. We aimed to elucidate how factors released from macrophages modulate osteocyte responses in an in vitro indirect 3D co-culture model.

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP/ACP5) promotes bone length, regulates cortical and trabecular bone mass, and maintains growth plate architecture and width in a sex- and site-specific manner in mice.

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) serum levels reflect osteoclast number, bone remodeling activity, and fracture risk. Deletion or loss of function of TRAP results in short stature in mice and man. Yet, the impact and mechanisms of TRAP for the site- and sex-specific development of bone and cartilage is not well understood.

Mesoscale characterization of osseointegration around an additively manufactured genistein-coated implant.

Given the hierarchical nature of bone and bone interfaces, osseointegration, namely the formation of a direct bone-implant contact, is best evaluated using a multiscale approach. However, a trade-off exists between field of view and spatial resolution, making it challenging to image large volumes with high resolution. In this study, we combine established electron microscopy techniques to probe bone-implant interfaces at the microscale and nanoscale with plasma focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (PFIB-SEM) tomography to evaluate osseointegration at the mesoscale.

Sustainability of a Pediatric Neurointensive Care Unit Model Within a Mixed Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and Its Effect on Nursing Sentiment.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric neurocritical care (PNCC) and pediatric neurointensive care units (neuro-PICU) are growing fields. Although some institutions have established independent neuro-PICUs meeting most Neurocritical Care Society (NCS) standards for neurocritical care units, many centers lack the resources to do so. We describe an alternative neuro-PICU model as a designated unit within a mixed pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and its effects on nursing sentiment.

Toward a disruptive, minimally invasive small finger joint implant concept: Cellular and molecular interactions with materials in vivo.

Osteoarthritis (OA) poses significant therapeutic challenges, particularly OA that affects the hand. Currently available treatment strategies are often limited in terms of their efficacy in managing pain, regulating invasiveness, and restoring joint function. The APRICOT implant system developed by Aurora Medical Ltd (Chichester, UK) introduces a minimally invasive, bone-conserving approach for treating hand OA (https://apricot-project.

Molecular mechanisms of poor osseointegration in irradiated bone: In vivo study in a rat tibia model.

Aim: Radiotherapy is associated with cell depletion and loss of blood supply, which are linked to compromised bone healing. However, the molecular events underlying these effects at the tissue-implant interface have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine the major molecular mediators associated with compromised osseointegration due to previous exposure to radiation.

Beating the heart failure odds: long-term survival after myocardial ischemia in juvenile rainbow trout.

Salmonid fish include some of the most valued cultured fish species worldwide. Unlike most other fish, the hearts of salmonids, including Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, have a well-developed coronary circulation. Consequently, their hearts' reliance on oxygenation through coronary arteries leaves them prone to coronary lesions, believed to precipitate myocardial ischemia.

Ultrastructure and Nanoporosity of Human Bone Shown with Correlative On-Axis Electron and Spectroscopic Tomographies.

Mineralized collagen fibrils are the building block units of bone at the nanoscale. While it is known that collagen fibrils are mineralized both inside their gap zones (intra-fibrillar mineralization) and on their outer surfaces (extra-fibrillar mineralization), a clear visualization of this architecture in three dimensions (3D), combining structural and compositional information over large volumes, but without compromising the resolution, remains challenging. In this study, we demonstrate the use of on-axis -contrast electron tomography (ET) with correlative energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) tomography to examine rod-shaped samples with diameters up to 700 nm prepared from individual osteonal lamellae in the human femur.

Leptin receptor gene deficiency minimally affects osseointegration in rats.

Metabolic syndrome represents a cluster of conditions such as obesity, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension that can lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or cardiovascular disease. Here, we investigated the influence of obesity and hyperglycaemia on osseointegration using a novel, leptin receptor-deficient animal model, the Lund MetS rat. Machined titanium implants were installed in the tibias of animals with normal leptin receptor (LepR) and those harbouring congenic leptin receptor deficiency (LepR) and were left to heal for 28 days.

Targeting quorum sensing with sodium salicylate modulates immune responses and .

Introduction: Chronic infections are a major clinical challenge in hard-to-heal wounds and implanted devices. is a common causative pathogen that produces numerous virulence factors. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, new alternative treatment strategies are needed.

Perinatal care and breastfeeding education during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives from Kenyan mothers and healthcare workers.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breastfeeding (BF) practices in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is not well understood. Modifications in BF guidelines and delivery platforms for breastfeeding education during the COVID-19 pandemic are hypothesised to have affected BF practices. We aimed to understand the experiences with perinatal care, BF education and practice among Kenyan mothers who delivered infants during the COVID-19 pandemic.

An equitable, community-engaged translational framework for science in human lactation and infant feeding-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 5.

Human milk is the ideal source of nutrition for most infants, but significant gaps remain in our understanding of human milk biology. As part of addressing these gaps, the Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN) Project Working Groups 1-4 interrogated the state of knowledge regarding the infant-human milk-lactating parent triad. However, to optimize the impact of newly generated knowledge across all stages of human milk research, the need remained for a translational research framework specific to the field.

Bone structure and composition in a hyperglycemic, obese, and leptin receptor-deficient rat: Microscale characterization of femur and calvarium.

Metabolic abnormalities, such as diabetes mellitus and obesity, can impact bone quantity and/or bone quality. In this work, we characterize bone material properties, in terms of structure and composition, in a novel rat model with congenic leptin receptor (LepR) deficiency, severe obesity, and hyperglycemia (type 2 diabetes-like condition). Femurs and calvaria (parietal region) from 20-week-old male rats are examined to probe bones formed both by endochondral and intramembranous ossification.

Maternal perceptions of human milk expression output: An experimental design using photographs of milk.

Background: The widespread use of breast pumps in the United States is a recent phenomenon that is reshaping how individuals understand and perceive lactation. In the 1990s, adequacy of milk supply was primarily measured indirectly by infant weight gain and/or diapers; now >95% of all lactating persons in the United States use breast pumps and are seeing their milk regularly. How seeing milk impacts the perception of lactation sufficiency is an important area of research.

Mental health status of internally displaced persons in the Garmian region of Kurdistan, Iraq: a cross-sectional survey.

There are an estimated 4 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Iraq, mainly settled in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and yet few studies have documented the mental health of IDPs in the region. The aims of this study were (1) to assess the prevalence of mental health disorders and trauma experiences amongst IDPs and (2) to explore associations between prior displacement and years living in the camp and mental health disorders. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with adults (N = 100) from March - July 2018.

Cross-cultural adaptation and content validation of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale for Thai pregnant women.

This study aimed to validate a translated and culturally adapted version of the Infant Feeding Intentions (IFI) Scale for use in Thailand. Prenatal breastfeeding intention is a strong indicator of breastfeeding initiation. The stronger the intention to breastfeed among pregnant women, the more likely breastfeeding will be initiated after childbirth and continue for an extended period.

Magnesium implant degradation provides immunomodulatory and proangiogenic effects and attenuates peri-implant fibrosis in soft tissues.

Implants made of magnesium (Mg) are increasingly employed in patients to achieve osteosynthesis while degrading . Since Mg implants and Mg have been suggested to possess anti-inflammatory properties, the clinically observed soft tissue inflammation around Mg implants is enigmatic. Here, using a rat soft tissue model and a 1-28 d observation period, we determined the temporo-spatial cell distribution and behavior in relation to sequential changes of pure Mg implant surface properties and Mg release.

Fe and C additions decrease the dissolution rate of silicon nitride coatings and are compatible with microglial viability in 3D collagen hydrogels.

Silicon nitride (SiN) coatings may reduce unwanted release of metal ions from metallic implants. However, as SiN slowly dissolves in aqueous solutions, additives that reduce this dissolution rate would likely increase the lifetime and functionality of implants. Adding iron (Fe) and carbon (C) permits tuning of the SiN coatings' mechanical properties, but their effect on SiN dissolution rates, and their capacity to reduce metal ion release from metallic implant substrates, have yet to be investigated.