Generation of synthetic CT from CBCT using deep learning approaches for head and neck cancer patients.

To create a synthetic CT (sCT) from daily CBCT using either deep residual U-Net (DRUnet), or conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) for adaptive radiotherapy planning (ART).First fraction CBCT and planning CT (pCT) were collected from 93 Head and Neck patients who underwent external beam radiotherapy. The dataset was divided into training, validation, and test sets of 58, 10 and 25 patients respectively.

The role of radiotherapy in newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: A descriptive review and a pragmatic approach to clinical practice.

Earlier, prior to the development of effective systemic therapy, monotherapy with whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) was widely used to treat primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Recently, chemotherapy, especially with high dose methotrexate (HDMTX), has largely replaced WBRT as upfront treatment, and the most accepted standard of care is induction with a combination drug therapy followed by consolidation therapy with either autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) or radiation. Whilst WBRT is an effective component of treatment, it is occasionally associated with risk of permanent, irreversible neurotoxicity when doses of more than 30 Gy are used.

Real-world clinical outcomes with daily image-guided IMRT in extremity soft tissue sarcomas.

Purpose: We report the clinical outcomes of patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STS) arising in extremities treated with image-guided intensity modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT) at our institute. Local control of the tumors treated with RT was the primary end point of this study. Analyzing overall survival and long-term toxicities were the secondary objectives.

Voluntary Deep Inspiration Breath-hold Reduces the Heart Dose Without Compromising the Target Volume Coverage During Radiotherapy for Left-sided Breast Cancer.

Background: During radiotherapy of left-sided breast cancer, parts of the heart are irradiated, which may lead to late toxicity. We report on the experience of single institution with cardiac-sparing radiotherapy using voluntary deep inspiration breath hold (V-DIBH) and compare its dosimetric outcome with free breathing (FB) technique.

Patients And Methods: Left-sided breast cancer patients, treated at our department with postoperative radiotherapy of breast/chest wall +/- regional lymph nodes between May 2015 and January 2017, were considered for inclusion.

Spinal cord compression secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis: A rareness in a young adult with thalassemia major.

We report a case of a thalassemia major male patient with back pain associated to severe weakness in lower extremities resulting in the ability to ambulate only with assistance. An urgent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of  thoracic and lumbosacral spine was requested. A posterior intraspinal extradural mass lesion compressing the spinal cord at the level of thoracic T5-8 was present, suggesting an extramedullary hematopoietic centre, compressing the spinal cord.

MRI Reduces Variation of Contouring for Boost Clinical Target Volume in Breast Cancer Patients Without Surgical Clips in the Tumour Bed.

Background: Omitting the placement of clips inside tumour bed during breast cancer surgery poses a challenge for delineation of lumpectomy cavity clinical target volume (CTV). We aimed to quantify inter-observer variation and accuracy for CT- and MRI-based segmentation of CTV in patients without clips.

Patients And Methods: CT- and MRI-simulator images of 12 breast cancer patients, treated by breast conserving surgery and radiotherapy, were included in this study.