Large-scale screening identifies enzyme combinations that remove grown oral biofilm.

Bacteria in the oral cavity are responsible for the development of dental diseases such as caries and periodontitis, but it is becoming increasingly clear that the oral microbiome also benefits human health. Many oral care products on the market are antimicrobial, killing a large part of the oral microbiome but without removing the disease-causing biofilm. Instead, non-biocidal matrix-degrading enzymes may be used to selectively remove biofilm without harming the overall microbiome.

Evaluation and Validation of the Dutch European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS) Score.

The European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS) score is a recently developed foot and ankle patient-reported outcome measure. It has been developed and partly validated in seven languages. This study's aim was to investigate the measurement properties of the Dutch version of the EFAS score.

The Bacterial Life Cycle in Textiles is Governed by Fiber Hydrophobicity.

Colonization of textiles and subsequent metabolic degradation of sweat and sebum components by axillary skin bacteria cause the characteristic sweat malodor and discoloring of dirty clothes. Once inside the textile, the bacteria can form biofilms that are hard to remove by conventional washing. When the biofilm persists after washing, the textiles retain the sweat odor.

[A researcher and physician who gained international fame: Otfrid Foerster (1873-1941) as Nobel Prize candidate].

This paper discusses the 17 Nobel Prize nominations for the neurologist and neurosurgeon Otfrid Foerster (1873-1941). Drawing on files from the Stockholm Nobel Prize Archive, primary and secondary literature, it addresses the following questions: what were the reasons given by nominators for Foerster's nominations? What was the relationship between him and his nominators? Why was he ultimately not awarded the Nobel Prize? Most nominators of Foerster's highlighted as the main motive his Handbuch der Neurologie, which he had edited with Oswald Bumke. According to the nominators, this book together with Foerster's neurosurgical work had an enormous impact on contemporary neurology.

Babinski, Bektherev, Cerletti, Head, and Hitzig: European Neurologists Nominated for the Nobel Prize 1901-1950.

Introduction: This article provides for the first time an overview of the most often nominated European neurologists for the Nobel Prize, who never received the award. It sheds light on candidates from France, Germany, Italy, Russia, and the UK during the first half of the 20th century. The aim is to highlight the candidates in the field of neurology, to discuss key arguments in the nomination letters, and to raise questions about research trends and hotspots in European neurology 1901-1950.

Is it too early to move to full electronic PROM data collection?: A randomized controlled trial comparing PROM's after hallux valgus captured by e-mail, traditional mail and telephone.

Background: Patient reported outcome measures (PROM's) after hallux valgus surgery are used to rate the effectiveness as perceived by the patient. The interpretability of these PROM's is highly dependent on participation rate. Data capture method may be an important factor contributing to the response rate.

What is more effective: a daily or a weekly formative test?

Background: Exams in anatomy courses are traditionally summative. Formative testing induces retrieval practice, provides feedback and enhances learning results. We investigated the optimal frequency for retrieval practice during an anatomy course.

Circular economy in drinking water treatment: reuse of ground pellets as seeding material in the pellet softening process.

Calcium carbonate pellets are produced as a by-product in the pellet softening process. In the Netherlands, these pellets are applied as a raw material in several industrial and agricultural processes. The sand grain inside the pellet hinders the application in some high-potential market segments such as paper and glass.

Patient-reported outcome measures in hallux valgus surgery. A review of literature.

Background: Up to a third of patients may be dissatisfied with the outcome of hallux valgus surgery. This stresses the importance of uniform and relevant outcome measures. The purpose of the current systematic review is to identify and rate available patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in hallux valgus surgery.

Differential inhibition of homotrimeric dUTPases by the 3'-azido derivative of dideoxy-UTP.

The inhibitory effects of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate in complex with the Mg2+ ion (azido-ddUTP.Mg) on the dUTPases of the human, E. coli, and equine infectious anemia virus have been compared.

A double role for a strictly conserved serine: further insights into the dUTPase catalytic mechanism.

Ser72 at the active site of the Escherichia coli dUTPase has been mutated to an alanine, and the properties of the mutant have been investigated. The serine is absolutely conserved among the monomeric and trimeric dUTPases (including the bifunctional dCTP deaminase:dUTPases), and it has been proposed to promote catalysis by balancing negative charge at the oxygen that bridges the alpha- and beta-phosphorus of the substrate. In all reported complexes of dUTPases with the substrate analogue alpha,beta-imido-dUTP.