Applying YOLOv6 as an ensemble federated learning framework to classify breast cancer pathology images.

The most common carcinoma-related cause of death among women is breast cancer. Early detection is crucial, and the manual screening method may lead to a delayed diagnosis, which would delay treatment and put lives at risk. Mammography imaging is advised for routine screening to diagnose breast cancer at an early stage.

Burden of blindness and visual impairment associated with corneal opacities in India.

Purpose: To obtain national-level data on current burden of blindness and visual impairment (VI) due to corneal opacities (CO) and their epidemiological determinants in India.

Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based survey was conducted in 31 districts for population aged ≥50 years using Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) V.6 methodology and 6 districts for population aged 0-49 years.

Nexinhib20 inhibits JFC1-mediated mobilization of a subset of CD11b/CD18+ vesicles decreasing integrin avidity, but does not inhibit Rac1.

Regulated sequential exocytosis of neutrophil granules is essential in orchestrating the innate immune response, while uncontrolled secretion causes inflammation. We developed and characterized Nexinhib20, a small-molecule inhibitor that targets azurophilic granule exocytosis in neutrophils by blocking the interaction between the small GTPase Rab27a and its effector JFC1. Its therapeutic potential has been demonstrated in several pre-clinical models of inflammatory disease.

Transcriptomic insight into zinc dependency of vindoline accumulation in Catharanthus roseus leaves: relevance and potential role of a CrZIP.

Foliar-applied Zn on Catharanthus roseus enhanced production of vindoline, the main impediment precursor for costly anticancer bisindoles. A leaf-abundant CrZIP was characterized for likely role in modulating vindoline metabolism. The leaf-localized Catharanthus roseus alkaloid, vindoline, is the major impediment precursor in the production of scanty and expensive anticancer bisindoles, vinblastine and vincristine.

Generalizability of Randomized Controlled Trials to Routine Clinical Care in Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: Historically, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been criticized for being poorly generalizable to patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) evaluated in routine care. We aimed to evaluate the proportion of patients with UC starting an advanced therapy who would be eligible to participate in phase 3 registrational UC RCTs.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of UC patients starting vedolizumab, ustekinumab, or tofacitinib at 2 IBD clinics at the University of Calgary.

Retraction: Advancing Perioperative Neurocognitive Health: A Critical Review of Predictive Tools, Diagnostic Methods, and Interventional Strategies.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59436.

Risk Factors for Development of Diabetes Insipidus and Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion after Transsphenoidal Resection of Pituitary Adenoma.

 We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for development of diabetes insipidus (DI) and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy (TSH) for resection of a pituitary adenoma.  This was a retrospective study of 403 adult patients undergoing TSH for pituitary adenoma. Clinical variables, tumor characteristics, and operative factors were collected.

Bibliometric analysis of published works in ocular trauma: a growing focus on open globe injury.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the trends and characteristics of ocular trauma research published from 2000 to 2022 to delineate the trajectory of the field's research, provide information about the network of key contributors, and help determine future research strategies and direction.

Methods: Web of Science was queried for published works using a series of keywords relating to ocular trauma: "globe rupture", "ruptured globe", "globe injury", "ocular trauma", "intraocular foreign body", "eye trauma", "eye injury", and "traumatic endophthalmitis". All article information was compiled using the VOSviewer software.

Higher stability of nanophase GdO-CeO upon 400 keV Kr ion irradiation over bulk: role of defect annealing across grain boundaries.

The concept of inert matrix fuel (IMF) has been proposed to utilize the energetic value of Pu and transmute minor actinides in nuclear reactors. In order to offset the initial reactivity of nuclear fuel, gadolinium (Gd) is employed as a burnable poison, owing to its high neutron absorption cross-section. To gain insights into the radiation stability and influence of grain boundaries on irradiation behaviour, 5 mol% Gd-doped ceria samples, sintered at varying temperatures, were subjected to irradiation using 400 Kr ions.

Application of Geographic Information System and Google Earth Engine for Spatial Analysis of Land Use by the Legacy Dumpsite at Raipur, Chhattisgarh: A Time Series Analysis.

Background: Legacy dump sites pose health and environmental risks. Challenges such as difficulty in monitoring and the impact of policy changes towards remediation efforts remain enigmatic due to complexities.

Objectives: Hence this study aimed to use Geographic Information System (GIS) and Google Earth historical imagery to monitor changes in legacy dump site located at Sarona in Raipur and to assess the impact of waste management strategies being implemented currently.

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging responses in head and neck cancer patients treated with magnetic resonance-guided hypofractionated radiation therapy.

Background And Purpose: Quantitative MRI (qMRI) has been explored for detecting tumor changes during radiation therapy (RT) in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Clinical trials show prolonged survival with PD-1 targeted immune checkpoint inhibition. Hypofractionated radiation regimens are being studied to counteract radioresistant clonogen formation.

Current insights into molecular mechanisms of environmental stress tolerance in Cyanobacteria.

The photoautotrophic nature of cyanobacteria, coupled with their fast growth and relative ease of genetic manipulation, makes these microorganisms very promising factories for the sustainable production of bio-products from atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, both in nature and in cultivation, cyanobacteria go through different abiotic stresses such as high light (HL) stress, heavy metal stress, nutrient limitation, heat stress, salt stress, oxidative stress, and alcohol stress. In recent years, significant improvement has been made in identifying the stress-responsive genes and the linked pathways in cyanobacteria and developing genome editing tools for their manipulation.

Therapeutics of bitter plants from Northeast region of India and their pharmacological and phytochemical perspectives.

Natural resources have been used for food and medicine since the beginning of human civilization, and they have always been a low-cost, easily accessible source for individuals. Northeast region of India (NER) represents a significant portion of India's flora and fauna. Marginality, fragility, inaccessibility, ethnicity, and cultural diversity thrived in the region, resulting in the richest reservoir of genetic variation of bioresources.

A molecular dynamics investigation into manipulating graphene flake spacing for increased selectivity towards short chain PFAS capture.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmentally persistent contaminants that are often referred to as "Forever Chemicals". They are used in industrial and household products; however, they are resistant to degradation. Thus, PFAS contamination has become a wide-spread issue.

Elective Discontinuation of Larotrectinib in Pediatric Patients With TRK Fusion Sarcomas and Related Mesenchymal Tumors.

Larotrectinib is a highly selective tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor with efficacy in children with TRK fusion tumors. We evaluated patient outcomes after elective discontinuation of larotrectinib in the absence of disease progression in a protocol-defined wait-and-see subset analysis of eligible patients where treatment resumption with larotrectinib was allowed if disease progressed. We also assessed the safety and efficacy of larotrectinib in all pediatric patients with sarcoma.

Mesonephric and Mesonephric-like Adenocarcinomas of the Gynecologic Tract: A Case Series and a Review of the Literature.

We sought to present and describe all cases of mesonephric adenocarcinoma (MNAC) and mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas (MLAs) at our institution. These cancers are rare, morphologically similar tumors of the female reproductive tract. In this case series, we present 13 new cases of MNAC/MLA that were identified at St.

Scrub Typhus Infection Precipitating Hemolysis in a Patient With G6PD Deficiency: A Case Report.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a well-known red blood cell enzymopathy and a cause of intravascular hemolysis. This case report presents a child with underlying G6PD deficiency who experienced an acute episode of extensive intravascular hemolysis induced by a scrub typhus infection. The key takeaway from this report is that scrub typhus infection can trigger extensive hemolysis in patients with even "mild" G6PD deficiency, and normal G6PD levels found during the acute phase of hemolysis do not rule out the possibility of underlying G6PD deficiency.

Paclitaxel causes induction of invasive breast cancer cells by repolarizing tumor-associated macrophages.

Background: Metastasis is the leading cause of breast cancer (BC) death, and tumor cells must migrate and invade to metastasize. BC cells that express the pro-metastatic actin regulatory protein MenaINV have an enhanced ability to migrate and intravasate within the primary tumor and extravasate at secondary sites. Though chemotherapy improves patient survival, treatment with paclitaxel leads to upregulation of MenaINV and an increase in metastasis in mice.

Biomimic models for glycemic index: Scope of sensor integration and artificial intelligence.

The accurate quantification of glycemic index (GI) remains crucial for diabetes management, yet current methodologies are constrained by resource intensiveness and methodological limitations. digestion models face challenges in replicating the dynamic conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract, such as enzyme variability and multi-time point analysis, leading to suboptimal predictive accuracy. This review proposes an integrated technological framework combining non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing with artificial intelligence to revolutionize GI assessment.

Ruminal microbial responses to Moringa oleifera feed in lactating goats (Capra hircus): A metagenomic exploration.

The purpose of the current study was to explore the effects of Moringa oleifera feed on the taxonomy and function of the rumen microbial community, and further to evaluate its impact on milk yield and body weight in lactating goats. Nineteen goats were divided into moringa leaf diet (ML; n=10) and masoor straw (MS; n=9) groups. For each group fortnight milk yield and body weight was recorded.

Intratumoral delivery of Mitomycin C using bio-responsive Gellan Gum Nanogel: In-vitro evaluation and enhanced chemotherapeutic efficacy.

Intratumoral drug delivery systems hold immense promise in overcoming the limitations of conventional IV chemotherapy, particularly in enhancing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing systemic side effects. In this study, we introduce a novel redox-responsive intratumoral nanogel system that combines the biocompatibility of natural polysaccharides with the tailored properties of synthetic polymers. The nanogel features a unique cross-linked architecture incorporating redox-sensitive segments, designed to leverage the elevated glutathione levels in the tumor microenvironment for controlled drug release.

Non-Viral Delivery Systems to Transport Nucleic Acids for Inherited Retinal Disorders.

Inherited retinal disorders (IRDs) represent a group of challenging genetic conditions that often lead to severe visual impairment or blindness. The complexity of these disorders, arising from their diverse genetic causes and the unique structural and functional aspects of retinal cells, has made developing effective treatments particularly challenging. Recent advancements in gene therapy, especially non-viral nucleic acid delivery systems like liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, and polymersomes, offer promising solutions.

Alcohol Use Disorder and the Gut-Brain Axis: A Narrative Review of the Role of Gut Microbiota and Implications for Treatment.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) affects millions of people worldwide and can lead to deleterious physical and social consequences. Recent research has highlighted not only the effect of alcohol on the gut microbiome, but also the role of the gut microbiome and the gut-brain axis in the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder. This review provides an overview of the reciprocal relationship between alcohol consumption and the gut microbiome, including the effects of alcohol on gut microbial composition, changes in gut microbial metabolites in response to alcohol consumption, and how gut microbial metabolites may modulate alcohol use behavior.