Iodine-Catalyzed Regioselective C-3 Chalcogenation of 7-Azaindoles: Access to Benzothiophene-Fused 7-Azaindole Analogs.

An iodine-catalyzed method has been reported for efficient regioselective C-3 sulfenylation, selenylation, thiocyanation, and selenocyanation of -free 7-azaindoles using thiophenols, diselenides, potassium thiocyanates, and selenocyanates, respectively. This approach showcases high efficiency and remarkable versatility, facilitating the synthesis of diverse chalcogenated 7-azaindoles. Additionally, the sulfenylated derivatives have been further diversified to generate a new array of benzothiophene-fused 7-azaindole cores of pharmaceutical interest.

Exploiting Chloroform-COware Chemistry for Pd-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Naturally Occurring and Medicinally Relevant Phenols.

In this study, a ligand-free palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of phenols is conducted under ambient conditions, utilizing the "Chloroform-COware" chemistry. The developed methodology enables the conversion of diverse medicinally relevant phenols, encompassing both natural and synthetic derivatives, into their respective aryl ester counterparts. This transformation is achieved through the reaction with a broad spectrum of aryl and heteroaryl iodides.

Pyrazolopyridine-based kinase inhibitors for anti-cancer targeted therapy.

The need for effective cancer treatments continues to be a challenge for the biomedical research community. In this case, the advent of targeted therapy has significantly improved therapeutic outcomes. Drug discovery and development efforts targeting kinases have resulted in the approval of several small-molecule anti-cancer drugs based on ATP-mimicking heterocyclic cores.

Ullmann-Type -, -, and -Arylation Using a Well-Defined 7-Azaindole--oxide (7-AINO)-Based Copper(II) Catalyst: Scope and Application to Drug Synthesis.

An air-stable, robust, and well-defined copper(II)-7-azaindole--oxide-based catalyst [Cu(7-AINO)] (abbreviated as Cu(II)-7-AINO) has been demonstrated as an efficient catalyst for various Ullmann-type coupling reactions. This easily prepared and cost-effective catalyst facilitates the arylation and heteroarylation of diverse -, -, and -nucleophiles, including azoles, aminoazoles, (hetero)arylthiols, and phenols. Notably, they also exhibit substantial compatibility with a wide range of functional groups.

Two-Chamber-Enabled Hydrogenation Reactions Using Al-HO/NaOH: Access to Pharmaceuticals.

In this study, an efficient method for hydrogenation reactions has been reported in a short reaction time using a two-chamber reactor. This process involves the ex situ generation of H gas using aluminum-water in the presence of NaOH. This technique was applied to reduce various functional groups, including carbonyl, nitro, alkene, alkyne, and azide.

Carbonylative Transformations Using a DMAP-Based Pd-Catalyst through Ex Situ CO Generation.

A phosphine-free, efficient protocol for aminocarbonylation and carbonylative Suzuki-Miyaura coupling has been developed using a novel palladium complex, [Pd(DMAP)(OAc)]. The complex was successfully synthesized using a stoichiometric reaction between Pd(OAc) and DMAP in acetone at room temperature and characterized using single-crystal X-ray analysis. Only 5 mol % catalyst loading was sufficient for effective carbonylative transformations.

CuF/DMAP-Catalyzed N-Vinylation: Scope and Mechanistic Study.

CuF/DMAP has been established as an excellent catalytic system for vinylsilane-promoted N-vinylation of amides and azoles at room temperature without an external fluoride source. A mechanism has been proposed on the basis of the isolation of reactive intermediate [Cu(DMAP)Cl], fluoride ion-assisted transmetalation, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic studies. The catalytic efficiency of the synthesized and structurally characterized [Cu(DMAP)Cl] complex has been demonstrated.

Palladium-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Isoquinolines Utilizing Chloroform-COware Chemistry.

The carbonyl group forms an integral part of several drug molecules and materials; hence, synthesis of carbonylated compounds remains an intriguing area of research for synthetic and medicinal chemists. Handling toxic CO gas has several limitations; thus, using safe and effective techniques for or generation of carbon monoxide from nontoxic and cheap precursors is highly desirable. Among several precursors that have been explored for the generation of CO gas, chloroform can prove to be a promising CO surrogate due to its cost-effectiveness and ready availability.

Recent developments in selective -arylation of azoles.

Transition-metal based carbon-heteroatom (C-X) bond formation has attracted the attention of synthetic chemists over the past few years because the resultant aryl/heteroaryl motifs are important substructures in many natural products, pharmaceuticals, etc. Several efficient protocols such as Buchwald-Hartwig amination, Ullmann coupling, Chan-Lam coupling and metal-free approaches have proved beneficial in C-X bond formation. Selective arylation of one hetero-centre over other centres without protection/deprotection thus allowing minimum synthetic manipulation has been achieved for several substrates using these protocols.

Chloroform as a CO surrogate: applications and recent developments.

The carbonyl moiety is one of the indispensable sub-units in organic synthesis with significant applications in medicinal as well as materials chemistry. Hence the insertion of a carbonyl group via simple and highly efficient routes has been one of the most challenging tasks for organic chemists. Though the direct utilisation of CO gas in carbonylation is the fundamental procedure for the construction of carbonyl compounds, it has certain drawbacks due to its toxic and explosive nature.