Role of clinical attachments in psychiatry for international medical graduates to enhance recruitment and retention in the NHS.

Aims And Method: There are numerous challenges in the recruitment and retention of the medical workforce in psychiatry. This mixed-methods study examined the role of psychiatry clinical attachments for international medical graduates (IMGs) to enhance recruitment and retention. An online survey was launched to capture views and perceptions of IMGs about clinical attachments.

Is it 'just' trauma? Use of trauma-informed approaches and multi-agency consultation in mental healthcare of looked after children.

This article presents three case studies of patients that a child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) have supported and its purpose is to encourage discussion of two key learning points. The first of these is the utility of developmental trauma as an approach for children with mental health presentations. The second centres on the importance of multi-agency working when working with young people, principally those within the UK's local authority care system ('looked after children'), who have had traumatic experiences in order to enhance positive outcomes.

How effective is group intervention in the treatment for unaccompanied and accompanied refugee minors with mental health difficulties: A systematic review.

Background: Unaccompanied refugee minors (URM) are at significantly higher risk of trauma exposure and mental illness. Research examining the most effective treatments for this population is limited.

Aims: To study the available research evidence on outcomes from various group interventions in this population.

Experiences and emotional strain of NHS frontline workers during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The mental health of the population has been negatively affected due to the pandemic. Frontline healthcare workers with increased exposure to COVID diagnosis, treatment and care were especially likely to report psychological burden, fear, anxiety and depression.

Aim: To elicit how working as a health professional during the pandemic is impacting on the psychological wellbeing of frontline staff.

Mental health services for children in care: investigation to elicit outcomes of direct and indirect interventions.

Aims And Method: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of direct therapy and indirect consultation for treating mental health difficulties among looked after children (LAC), and also to identify any demographic or clinical predictor variables for outcomes in this cohort. A retrospective evaluation of mental health outcomes for 104 LAC was conducted. All children received network consultation in combination with or without direct therapeutic work.

What do young people who self-harm find helpful? A comparative study of young people with and without experience of being looked after in care.

Background: Self-harm amongst young people is an increasing problem, with looked-after young people at higher risk. Despite this, little research exists on what young people who self-harm find helpful.

Method: One hundred and twenty-six 11-21 year olds (53 who had experience of the care system and 73 who did not) were recruited from the community and NHS.

Exploring stigma and its effect on access to mental health services in unaccompanied refugee children.

Aims and methodDespite substantial evidence to show that unaccompanied refugee children suffer a high prevalence of mental illness, their access to services remains poor. One may hypothesise that this is associated with their negative perceptions of mental illness. However, there has been little research exploring this important subject.

An interpretative phenomenological analysis of young people's self-harm in the context of interpersonal stressors and supports: Parents, peers, and clinical services.

Rationale: Self-harm in young people is of significant clinical concern. Multiple psychological, social and clinical factors contribute to self-harm, but it remains a poorly understood phenomenon with limited effective treatment options.

Objective: To explore young women's experience of self-harm in the context of interpersonal stressors and supports.

Potential barriers in the therapeutic relationship in unaccompanied refugee minors in mental health.

: Unaccompanied refugee minors present with disproportionately high prevalence of emotional and psychological morbidities. However, their utilization of mental health services has been shown to be significantly poorer than the indigenous population of the country they seek asylum in. Despite this, there is limited research exploring their perspectives on the barriers they face.

A sequence analysis of patterns in self-harm in young people with and without experience of being looked after in care.

Objectives: Young people in the public care system ('looked-after' young people) have high levels of self-harm.

Design: This paper reports the first detailed study of factors leading to self-harm over time in looked-after young people in England, using sequence analyses of the Card Sort Task for Self-harm (CaTS).

Methods: Young people in care (looked-after group: n = 24; 14-21 years) and young people who had never been in care (contrast group: n = 21; 13-21 years) completed the CaTS, describing sequences of factors leading to their first and most recent episodes of self-harm.

An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experience of self-harm repetition and recovery in young adults.

Six young adults (aged 19-21 years) with repeat self-harm for over 5 years were interviewed about their self-harm, why they continued and what factors might help them to stop. Interpretative phenomenological analysis identified six themes: keeping self-harm private and hidden; self-harm as self-punishment; self-harm provides relief and comfort; habituation and escalation of self-harm; emotional gains and practical costs of cutting, and not believing they will stop completely. Young adults presented self-harm as an ingrained and purposeful behaviour which they could not stop, despite the costs and risks in early adulthood.

'This doctor, I not trust him, I'm not safe': the perceptions of mental health and services by unaccompanied refugee adolescents.

Background: Unaccompanied refugee adolescents are a small but clinically significant group. This group is vulnerable with physical and psychiatric needs which are often not met. There are several barriers to providing care for this group, originating with the refugees but also due to service provision.

The views and opinions of CAMHS professionals on their role and the role of others in attending to children who self-harm.

Self-harm in young people is a common presentation to mental health services. There is little literature, however, on how professionals view their role and the role of others within the assessment of these young people, and the relative accountability. This study explored Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) professionals' views of these roles utilising a qualitative framework.

Relationship of psychosocial adversity to depressive symptoms and self-harm in young homeless people.

An increased incidence of psychiatric disorders has been reported in homeless young people. These disorders are often related to their childhood experience of trauma, although less is known about how secondary traumatic experiences while being homeless affect psychopathology. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between life adversities - living on the street, physical and sexual abuse (during both childhood and young adult life) and substance misuse - and depressive symptoms and self-harm among homeless young people.

Clinical profile and outcome of conversion disorder in children in a tertiary hospital of north India.

The clinical profile, commonly involved precipitating factors, comorbid conditions, treatment options and outcome of conversion disorder in 40 children in a tertiary level hospital in North India were studied, retrospectively. Majority of the patients were from rural India. Most common presenting symptom was psychogenic non-epileptic seizures; depression and anxiety were among the commonest comorbid conditions.