MiR-204-5p overexpression abrogates Dacarbazine-induced senescence in melanoma cells in vivo.

Cancer cell drug resistance hinders significantly therapeutic modalities in oncology. Dacarbazine is chemotherapeutic agent traditionally used for melanoma treatment although it's effectiveness insufficient. In the present study we performed NGS-based transcriptomic profiling of B16 melanoma tumors after Dacarbazine treatment in vivo.

Novel somatic Missense Mutations in Exon 11 of the KIT Gene are Detected in Melanoma.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyze mutations of the mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (KIT) gene in patients with melanoma from Eastern Siberia regions of the Russian Federation.

Methods: KIT gene mutations in exons 11 and 13 were analyzed by Sanger sequencing in 57 tumor samples obtained from patients with KIT-positive melanomas localized in preferable locations.

Result: Mutations were identified in 21% of patients.

miR 204-5p inhibits apoptosis in dacarbazine-treated melanoma cells.

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive types of malignant tumors, commonly affecting young individuals. The treatment of metastatic tumors remains obscure due to the resistance of tumor cells to drugs mediated by various mechanisms. The acquisition of a resistant phenotype is associated with both genetic and epigenetic alterations in cancer cells.

Focal adhesion alterations in G0-positive melanoma cells.

Background: Melanoma is a highly heterogeneous malignant tumor that exhibits various forms of drug resistance. Recently, reversal transition of cancer cells to the G phase of the cell cycle under the influence of therapeutic drugs has been identified as an event associated with tumor dissemination. In the present study, we investigated the ability of chemotherapeutic agent dacarbazine to induce a transition of melanoma cells to the G phase as a mechanism of chemoresistance.

miR-204-5p in vivo inhibition cause diminished CD45RO cells rate in lungs of melanoma B16-bearing mice.

The treatment of melanoma remains a challenge, despite novel approaches recently becoming available for disseminated tumors. RNA targeting is being intensively studied in various types of disease. The aim of the present study was to explore whether the in vivo use of a microRNA (miR)-204-5p inhibitor affected melanoma progression, and whether its metastasis affects target organ remodeling.

Transcriptomic Profiling Revealed Plexin A2 Downregulation With Migration and Invasion Alteration in Dacarbazine-Treated Primary Melanoma Cells.

Melanoma is highly heterogeneous type of malignant neoplasm that is responsible for the majority of deaths among other types of skin cancer. In the present study, we screened a list of differentially expressed genes in two primary, drug-naïve melanoma cell lines derived from patients with melanoma following treatment of the cells with the chemotherapeutic agent dacarbazine. The aim was to determine the transcriptomic profiles and associated alterations in the cell phenotype.

miR-155 overexpression is followed by downregulation of its target gene, NFE2L2, and altered pattern of VEGFA expression in the liver of melanoma B16-bearing mice at the premetastatic stage.

MicroRNAs are involved in the control of tumour progression and in metastatic cascade dynamics. However, the role of microRNAs in distant organ reorganization at the premetastatic stage is less clear, although the process of premetastatic niche formation is a crucial event according to modern concepts of tumour dissemination. The role of the present study was to investigate the expression levels of miR-155, miR-21, miR-205 and miR-let7b, as well as that of their target genes, in target organs of melanoma metastasis at the premetastatic stage.

Semaphorin-5A downregulation is associated with enhanced migration and invasion of BRAF-positive melanoma cells under vemurafenib treatment in melanomas with heterogeneous BRAF status.

Tumor heterogeneity affects the efficacy of anticancer treatment as tumor subclones with distinct molecular patterns may be present within one tumor, leading to differing sensitivities to chemotherapeutic agents. In the present study, six melanoma tissue fragments were obtained from different parts of tumor of four patients and then the effect of vemurafenib treatment on biological characteristics and molecular processes of cell cultures was estimated by using MTT-test, apoptosis, migration and invasion assays, PCR real time. There was different BRAF status determined between cells derived from the central and peripheral regions of primary melanoma tumors.

Differences in microRNA expression between melanoma and healthy adjacent skin.

Background: The tumor microenvironment is composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, endothelial cells, immune cells, signaling molecules and extracellular matrix structures, which closelycommunicate with the tumor via multiple mechanisms. MicroRNAs are paracrine regulators that provide a direct interaction between the microenvironment and cancer cells. In the presentstudy, we aimed to identify the microRNA expression profile in melanoma compared with thatin healthy adjacent skin, with a further assessment of altered microRNA signaling pathways and target genes.

miR-204-5p and miR-3065-5p exert antitumor effects on melanoma cells.

MicroRNA (miR)-204-5p was previously identified to be downregulated in melanoma compared with melanocytic nevi. This observation prompted a functional study on miR-204-5p and the newly-identified miR-3065-5p, two miRNAs suggested to be tumor-suppressive oncomiRs. Application of miR-204-5p mimics or inhibitors resulted in a decrease or increase, respectively, in melanoma cell proliferation and colony formation.

Melanoma Screening Day in Krasnoyarsk Krai of the Russian Federation: Results from 2015-2016.

Objective: The Melanoma Screening Day Campaign started in the Russian Federation in 2006. In the present study, we analyzed the 2015-2016 survey questionnaire data acquired from screened individuals in the city of Krasnoyarsk in eastern Siberia, which has a population of one million, in order to understand the level of awareness regarding melanoma/ skin cancer prevention and early diagnosis. Methods: Individuals were enrolled in the screening campaign by mass media advertising.

MicroRNA in skin diseases.

MicroRNAs are essential regulators of various cellular processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and the immune response, acting as factors for translational repression and/or degradation of target messenger RNA. Currently, microRNAs are considered as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for different pathological conditions. Skin may serve as a convenient model for microRNA modulation studies due to the comparatively easy access to targets cells.

Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of MiR-4286 Inhibition in Melanoma Cells.

Introduction: MicroRNAs are essential regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Their expression is altered in cancer tissues, and evaluation of these alterations is considered a promising tool used to diagnose and identify prognostic markers.

Materials And Methods: The microRNA expression profiles of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded melanoma and melanocytic nevi samples were estimated with a microarray and subsequently validated by real-time PCR.

Genetic analysis of melanocortin 1 receptor red hair color variants in a Russian population of Eastern Siberia.

The melanocortin 1 receptor is a Gs protein-coupled receptor implicated in melanogenesis regulation. The receptor gene is highly polymorphic, which accounts for the association of several of its single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with an increased risk of melanoma. The present study aimed to evaluate the distribution of melanocortin 1 receptor gene variants R151C, R160W, and D294H within the Russian population of Eastern Siberia and its association with melanoma development.

MICRORNAS AS ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION EFFECTS REGULATORS IN SKIN CELLS.

MicroRNAs belong to small non-coding RNA which regulate gene expression via mRNA degradation or translation inhibition. MicroRNAs are active modulators of gene expression in the skin caused by exogenous factors including ultraviolet irradiation. These effects are realized by targeting transcription factors and signaling systems components.

PROONCOGENIC EFFECTS OF INHIBITING THE microRNA miR-106A IN SKIN MELANOMA CELLS IN VITRO.

One of the regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level are miRNAs. Due to its multifunctionality, these molecules are considered as potential targets for controlling the biological behavior of tumor cells. To date, several thousand types of microRNAs have been identified and their expression profiles have shown significant during malignant transformation of cells.

[Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 13 affects the degree of lymphocytic infiltration and the expression levels of microRNA miR-21 and miR-let-7b in melanoma cells in vivo].

Objective: To estimate changes in the trend of growth of primary tumor nodules, the degree of lymphocytic infiltration, and the expression levels of oncomicroRNA miR-21 and miR-let-7b when inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 13 (MMP-9 and MMP-13) in vivo in C57B16 mice with transplantable melanoma B-16.

Material And Methods: Tumor growth was evaluated measuring the volume of primary tumor nodules; the degree of lymphocytic infiltration was microscopically estimated using hematoxylin-eosin-stained tissue specimens, by calculating intratumoral lymphocytes. The expression of oncomicroRNA was quantified by real-time PCR.

Melanoma incidence mortality rates and clinico-pathological types in the Siberian area of the Russian Federation.

Russian rates for melanoma incidence and mortality are relatively low as compared to some other white populations but the tumor is of increasing importance. In this paper, data are based on a retrospective descriptive analysis of melanoma epidemiology and clinicopathological characteristics in Krasnoyarsk Territory belonging to the Siberian Federal District of the Russian Federation. The age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates for the period 1996-2009 were determined with subsequent retrospective analysis of clinicopathological data of 103 primary melanoma cases.

[Lipopolysaccharide identification in aqueous extracts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by an immunoenzyme method].

To determine the content of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in P. aeruginosa aqueous extracts the ELISA was used. Membrane filtration and ultracentrifugation followed by precipitation with ammonium sulfate at 80% saturation and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 have proved to be the most effective methods for purification of the aqueous extract from LPS.

[Immunochemical analysis and protective properties of components of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucus with different molecular weights].

P. aeruginosa slime has been separated into fractions XM-300 (3 X 10(5) daltons and more), XM-100 (1 X 10(5) = 3 X 10(5) daltons), PM-30 (3 X 10(4) = 1 X 10(5) daltons) and PM-10, (1 X 10(4) = 3 X 10(4) daltons) by ultrafiltration. The high-molecular slime components (3 X 10(4) daltons and more) have been found to be serologically more active than the low-molecular components (1 X 10(4) = 3 X 10(4) daltons).

[Immunologic study of the cellular components of bacillus pyocyaneus. V. Antigenic analysis of slime and its fractions].

Various slime fractions were obtained from newly isolated mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa by the method of ultrafiltration or differential centrifugation with subsequent gel chromatography. Purified slime was found to react with a broader spectrum of typing O sera than the corresponding cell wall lipopolysaccharides.

[Immunological study of cellular components of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. IV. Fractionation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucus by diafiltration and biological properties of isolated fractions].

In fractionation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucus (strains No. 8 and 1463) by means of diafiltration on the system of membranes Diaflo XM-300, XM-100A, PM-30, and PM-10 there was obtained a successive series of fractions differing by the molecular weight and chemical composition. According to the results of gel chromatography fractions with the mol wt of 100000 dalton and over apparently represented protein-polysaccharide components of mucus in the form of complexes; fractions with the mol wt of 30000 dalton and lower contained a considerable amount of free protein along with the protein-polysaccharide complex.