Parathyroid Retrospective Analysis of Neoplasms Incidence (pTRANI Study): An Italian Multicenter Study on Parathyroid Carcinoma and Atypical Parathyroid Tumour.

Background: Parathyroid cancer (PC) is a rare sporadic or hereditary malignancy whose histologic features were redefined with the 2022 WHO classification. A total of 24 Italian institutions designed this multicenter study to specify PC incidence, describe its clinical, functional, and imaging characteristics and improve its differentiation from the atypical parathyroid tumour (APT).

Methods: All relevant information was collected about PC and APT patients treated between 2009 and 2021.

Clinical features of thyroid cancer in paediatric age. Experience of a tertiary centre in the 2000-2020 period.

Purpose: To describe the clinical features of a paediatric cohort affected by differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) followed in a tertiary Department of Paediatric Endocrinology.

Methods: Clinical data of 41 patients affected by DTC in the 2000-2020 period were reviewed.

Results: The main risk factor was autoimmune thyroiditis (39%).

18F-FDG PET/CT concurrent with first radioiodine post-therapeutic scan in high risk differentiated thyroid cancer: a useful tool or just an expensive diversion?

Background: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical impact of fluorine-F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (F-FDG-PET/CT) concurrent with post-therapeutic whole-body radioiodine scan (TxWBS) after first radioiodine (RAI) treatment in patients with high-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).

Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study including 39 patients with DTC (22 females, 17 males, median age 54; IQR: 35-60 years, 87% papillary thyroid cancer, 13% follicular thyroid cancer). All patients underwent F-FDG-PET/CT and RAI treatment, both performed off L-T4 about 3 months after total thyroidectomy.

The THYCOVIT (Thyroid Surgery during COVID-19 pandemic in Italy) study: results from a nationwide, multicentric, case-controlled study.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a disruption of surgical care. The aim of this multi-centric, retrospective study was to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on surgical activity for thyroid disease among the Italian Units of Endocrine Surgery. Three phases of the pandemic were identified based on the epidemiological situation and the public measures adopted from the Italian Government (1st phase: from 9th March to 3rd May 2020; 2nd phase: from 4th May to 14th June; 3rd phase: from 15th June to 31st).

Parathyroid Carcinoma: An Up-to-Date Retrospective Multicentric Analysis.

Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare disease responsible for about 1% of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) cases. PC usually has an indolent course, tough to differentiate from the benign causes of PHPT, and the only certain diagnosis is histologic. The gold standard surgical treatment is the en bloc resection associated with the homolateral thyroid loboistmectomy.

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica in recurrent retrosternal goiter. Surgical management.

Unlabelled: Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TPO) is a rare pathology characterized by a progressive segmentary stenosis of the respiratory tract due to proliferation of osteocartilagineous nodules in the lumen of the distal part of the trachea and large bronchial trunks. Prognosis is usually benign, but some cases with an acute progression and a lethal outcome have been described. Clinical presentation is non specific, the chest x-ray is generally normal and there are not typical radiological signs of suspicion: diagnosis of TPO is usually incidental.

Clinical challenges with calcitonin-negative medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Purpose: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a relatively uncommon malignant tumor of the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid, which distinguishing feature is the production of calcitonin (CT). CT is a well-recognized tool in the diagnosis and the postsurgical follow-up of patients with MTC with a high sensitivity and specificity, and represents a powerful prognostic indicator. Usually, there is a direct correlation between tumor size and basal CT levels.

Ultrasound surveillance for radiation-induced thyroid carcinoma in adult survivors of childhood cancer.

Introduction: The optimal surveillance strategy to screen for thyroid carcinoma childhood cancer survivors (CCS) at increased risk is still debated. In our clinical practice, beside neck palpation we routinely perform thyroid ultrasound (US). Here we describe the results obtained using this approach.

Predictors of Malignancy in Children with Thyroid Nodules.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound (US) imaging characteristics of thyroid nodules in assessing the likelihood of malignancy.

Study Design: Data from 184 children and adolescents with thyroid nodules were evaluated and compared with respective cytologic/histologic outcomes. A regression model was designed to assess the predictors associated with malignancy and to calculate ORs.

Thyroidectomy for Painful Thyroiditis Resistant to Steroid Treatment: Three New Cases with Review of the Literature.

Thyroidal pain is usually due to subacute thyroiditis (SAT). In more severe forms prednisone doses up to 40 mg daily for 2-3 weeks are recommended. Recurrences occur rarely and restoration of steroid treatment cures the disease.

Utilility of flow cytometry as ancillary study to improve the cytologic diagnosis of thyroid lymphomas.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy of the use of flow cytometry (FC) immunophenotyping together with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of thyroid lymphoma.

Methods: FC was performed in parallel with FNAC in 35 samples of suspected thyroid lymphoma over a 12 years period. Results were correlated with histological or molecular findings and follow-up, when available.

Diagnostic performance of elastography in cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules.

Cytological examination of material from fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the mainstay of diagnosis of thyroid nodules, thanks to its remarkable accuracy and scarcity of complications. However, follicular lesions (also called indeterminate lesions or Thy3 in the current classification), a heterogeneous group of lesions in which cytology is unable to give a definitive diagnosis to, represent its main limit. Elastography has been proposed as a potential diagnostic tool to define the risk of malignancy in the aforementioned nodules, but at present there is no conclusive data due to the small number of specifically addressed studies and the lack of concordance among them.

Early surgery and survival of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: analysis of a case series referred to a single institution between 1999 and 2012.

Background: Extensive resection of the tumor has been associated with better survival of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) patients. However, surgery is not the rule for ATC patients with distant metastases at the time of diagnosis (stage IV-C), regardless of tumor resectability. The aim of this work was to explore the potential role of surgery in ATC patients, including those in stage IV-C.

Segmental tracheal resection for invasive differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Our experience in eight cases.

Purpose: In differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), complete resection of local disease provides the longest survival and the best palliation. In pursuit of this goal, segmental tracheal or laryngotracheal resection can be performed on patients with DTC invading the airway. The study summarizes the technical aspects of the intervention and analyzes its results in eight patients.

Cytomorphologic and molecular features of hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: case series and literature review.

Recent reports indicate that hobnail papillary thyroid carcinoma (HPTC) is a rare, but very aggressive variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The authors describe the cytological features of five HPTC on fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB). Moreover, their immunophenotype and the presence of B-RAF mutation by pyrosequencing were investigated.

Histone deacetylase inhibition affects sodium iodide symporter expression and induces 131I cytotoxicity in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancers (ATCs) represent only 1%-2% of all thyroid tumors, but they account for up to 50% of the mortality. Treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinomas is well standardized and the use of radioiodine represents an essential step; in contrast, there is no standardized therapeutic approach for anaplastic tumors and their prognosis is poor. The resistance of ATC to radioiodine treatment is principally due to the absence of expression of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS), mainly due to epigenetic silencing.

Histone deacetylase inhibition modulates E-cadherin expression and suppresses migration and invasion of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells.

Context: Anaplastic thyroid cancer cells are characterized by a mesenchymal phenotype, as revealed by spindle-shaped cells and absent or reduced levels of E-cadherin. Epigenetic silencing is considered one of the leading mechanisms of E-cadherin impairment, which causes the acquisition of the invasive and metastatic phenotype of anaplastic thyroid cancer.

Objectives: In this study we investigated the effects of histone deacetylase inhibition on E-cadherin expression, cell motility, and invasion in anaplastic thyroid cancer cell cultures.

Mammalian target of rapamycin pathway activation is associated to RET mutation status in medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Context: The genetic pathways involved in medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC), except for RET mutations, are largely unknown, as is the detailed mapping of proteins activated as a consequence of RET tyrosine kinase phosphorylation.

Objective: The present study was designed to screen for the presence of mutations in other genes downstream to RET activation and to detect the activation patterns of a panel of intracellular regulators of cell growth.

Design: Forty-nine cases of MTC were analyzed for mutations in RET, BRAF, N-, H-, and K-RAS, and phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3) kinase genes.

Hyperparathyroidism, an emerging disease.

A retrospective study based on 35 years of personal experience was done. Up to today 2,175 patients were operated, 1,318 for primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and 857 for secondary and tertiary HPT. Considering recent years (1999 to July 2010), 918 patients were operated for primary HPT.

Surgical treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Our experience.

Background: In anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) surgical resection associated to radiotherapy and chemotherapy can ameliorate local disease control with occasional long-term survivals.

Patients And Methods: Resection of the tumor was accomplished in 20 ATC patients, with no macroscopic (13 cases) or minimal residual neck disease infiltrating vital structures (7 cases). Ten of these patients (50%) had distant metastases.

Ultrasound screening for thyroid carcinoma in childhood cancer survivors: a case series.

Context: Childhood cancer survivors need regular monitoring into young adulthood and beyond, because they are at risk for developing late-onset complications of cancer therapy, including second malignancies.

Objective: This study focuses on the use of thyroid ultrasound to screen for thyroid carcinoma in a population of childhood cancer survivors.

Patients: A total of 129 subjects who had received radiotherapy to the head, neck, or upper thorax for a pediatric cancer were studied in the setting of a long-term follow-up unit.