The relationship between adipose tissue RAAS activity and the risk factors of prediabetes in different ethnicities: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The incidence and prevalence of prediabetes has become a global concern. The risk factors of prediabetes, such as insulin resistance, adiposity, lipotoxicity and obesity, in conjunction with the alteration of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), have been positively correlated with the high morbidity and mortality rate. Thus, this systematic review seeks to establish the relationship between the risk factors of prediabetes, namely insulin resistance adiposity, lipotoxicity, obesity and the RAAS.

Review of the direct and indirect effects of hyperglycemia on the HPA axis in T2DM and the co-occurrence of depression.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia which is further associated with hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Several studies have shown that HPA axis hyperactivity is heightened in the chronic hyperglycemic state with severe hyperglycemic events more likely to result in a depressive disorder. The HPA axis is also regulated by the immune system.

Investigating the Association Between Diet-Induced "Leaky Gut" and the Development of Prediabetes.

Introduction: Chronic consumption of a high-calorie diet compromises the gut microbiota and the integrity of the intestinal wall, which causes translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into the blood. This elicits the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in inflammation. However, how a high-fat high carbohydrate diet affects intestinal permeability and its possible role in the development of prediabetes have not been investigated.

The relationship between adipose tissue RAAS activity and the risk factors of prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: This systematic review was developed in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-2020) standards. This was accomplished by searching clinical MeSH categories in MEDLINE with full texts, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Academic Search Complete, ICTRP and ClinicalTrial.gov.

The Relationship between Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) Activity, Osteoporosis and Estrogen Deficiency in Type 2 Diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with a plethora of comorbidities, including osteoporosis, which occurs due to an imbalance between bone resorption and formation. Numerous mechanisms have been explored to understand this association, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). An upregulated RAAS has been positively correlated with T2D and estrogen deficiency in comorbidities such as osteoporosis in humans and experimental studies.

Diet-induced prediabetes: Effects on the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in selected organs.

Aims/introduction: Derangements often observed with type 2 diabetes are associated with disturbances in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity. A positive correlation between local RAAS activity and the complications observed in type 2 diabetes has been noted. However, the detrimental ramifications due to moderate hyperglycemia noted in prediabetes, and the affected organ system and mechanistic pathways are not elucidated.

The dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in diet-induced prediabetic male Sprague Dawley rats.

Background: Altered function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in type 2 diabetic patients, a condition preceded by pre-diabetes, has been shown to increase the risk of depression as well as cause downstream effects resulting in upregulation of gluconeogenesis and dyslipidemia. In addition, stress, either psychological from managing diabetes or lifestyle related, further activates the HPA axis causing an exaggerated stress response. This study investigated the activity of the HPA axis in selected markers of glucose handling, and the stress response relative to components of the HPA axis in a diet-induced pre-diabetic rat model.

The Pathogenesis of Fever-Induced Febrile Seizures and Its Current State.

Febrile seizures, commonly in children between the ages of 3 months to 5 years, are a neurological abnormality characterized by neuronal hyper-excitability, that occur as a result of an increased core body temperature during a fever, which was caused by an underlying systemic infection. Such infections cause the immune system to elicit an inflammatory response resulting in the release of cytokines from macrophages. The cytokines such as interleukin (IL)- 1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) combat the infection in the localized area ultimately spilling over into circulation resulting in elevated cytokine levels.