Rac1 GTPase Regulates the βTrCP-Mediated Proteolysis of YAP Independently of the LATS1/2 Kinases.

Oncogenic mutations in the gene are detected in >90% of pancreatic cancers (PC). In genetically engineered mouse models of PC, oncogenic drives the formation of precursor lesions and their progression to invasive PC. The Yes-associated Protein (YAP) is a transcriptional coactivator required for transformation by the RAS oncogenes and the development of PC.

Clearing the air: microcosting the carbon impact of drug-susceptible pulmonary TB treatment.

More than 10 million individuals develop active TB each year. The diagnosis and treatment of TB create greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to climate change. This study estimates the carbon footprint (CF) of successfully treating one person with drug-susceptible pulmonary TB (DS-PTB) in India.

PR55α-controlled protein phosphatase 2A inhibits p16 expression and blocks cellular senescence induction by γ-irradiation.

Cellular senescence is a permanent cell cycle arrest that can be triggered by both internal and external genotoxic stressors, such as telomere dysfunction and DNA damage. The execution of senescence is mainly by two pathways, p16/RB and p53/p21, which lead to CDK4/6 inhibition and RB activation to block cell cycle progression. While the regulation of p53/p21 signaling in response to DNA damage and other insults is well-defined, the regulation of the p16/RB pathway in response to various stressors remains poorly understood.

Comparison of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Pathway Versus Standard Care in Patients Undergoing Elective Stoma Reversal Surgery- A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Practices such as prolonged preoperative fasting, bowel preparation, delayed ambulation and resumption of orals result in morbidity in 15-20% of stoma reversal cases which can be improved by Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathways.

Aim: To evaluate the safety, feasibility and efficacy of ERAS pathway in patients undergoing elective loop ileostomy or colostomy reversal surgery METHODS: This was an open-labeled, superiority randomized controlled trial in which patients undergoing loop ileostomy or colostomy reversal were randomized to standard or ERAS care. Patients with ASA class ≥3, needing laparotomy for stoma reversal, cardiac, renal and neurological illnesses were excluded.

Status of universal drug-susceptibility testing among sputum smear-positive tuberculosis patients diagnosed at a tertiary care centre.

Background & Objectives: This study was aimed at estimating the proportion among sputum smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) patients diagnosed at a tertiary care centre in India, who did not undergo universal drug-susceptibility testing (UDST), assessing the sociodemographic and morbidity-related factors associated with it, ascertaining the reasons for not getting tested and estimating the proportion with any drug resistance (DR).

Methods: TB Notification Register and TB Laboratory Register, maintained in Designated Microscopy Centre and Intermediate Research Laboratory, respectively were used to obtain the patient details and information regarding UDST and DR-TB status. Under UDST, the TB patients had undergone rapid molecular tests to check for any DR.

Benzimidazole carbamate induces cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells via two distinct cell death mechanisms.

Metastatic breast cancer (mBC) is responsible for >90% of breast cancer-related deaths. Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) are the front-line treatment for mBC. However, the effectiveness of MTAs is frequently limited by the primary or acquired resistance.

Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from inpatient and outpatient samples, Ecuador, 2018.

Objective: To compare the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from inpatient and outpatient samples in Ecuador.

Methods: A secondary analysis was done of data on bacteria isolated from inpatient and outpatient samples. Data were taken from the 2018 national antimicrobial resistance surveillance database of the National Reference Center for Antimicrobial Resistance.

Effect of Synbiotics in Reducing the Systemic Inflammatory Response and Septic Complications in Moderately Severe and Severe Acute Pancreatitis: A Prospective Parallel-Arm Double-Blind Randomized Trial.

Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of synbiotics in reducing septic complications in moderately severe and severe acute pancreatitis.

Methods: This was a prospective, parallel-arm, double-blinded superiority randomized control study. All patients with moderately severe and severe acute pancreatitis were included in the study.

Effectiveness of BBV152/Covaxin and AZD1222/Covishield vaccines against severe COVID-19 and B.1.617.2/Delta variant in India, 2021: a multi-centric hospital-based case-control study.

Objectives: India introduced BBV152/Covaxin and AZD1222/Covishield vaccines in January 2021. We estimated the effectiveness of these vaccines against severe COVID-19 among individuals aged ≥45 years.

Methods: We did a multi-centric, hospital-based, case-control study between May and July 2021.

The GSK3 kinase and LZTR1 protein regulate the stability of Ras family proteins and the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells.

Ras family proteins are membrane-bound GTPases that control proliferation, survival, and motility. Many forms of cancers are driven by the acquisition of somatic mutations in a RAS gene. In pancreatic cancer (PC), more than 90% of tumors carry an activating mutation in KRAS.

In vitro and molecular docking analysis of chalconeimine derivatives with α-glucosidase.

It is known that α-glucosidase is linked with the antioxidant activity. Therefore, it is of interest to document the in- vitro and molecular docking analysis of chalconeimine derivatives with α-glucosidase (PDB ID: 2ZEO) for further consideration.

p53/FBXL20 axis negatively regulates the protein stability of PR55α, a regulatory subunit of PP2A Ser/Thr phosphatase.

We have previously reported an important role of PR55α, a regulatory subunit of PP2A Ser/Thr phosphatase, in the support of critical oncogenic pathways required for oncogenesis and the malignant phenotype of pancreatic cancer. The studies in this report reveal a novel mechanism by which the p53 tumor suppressor inhibits the protein-stability of PR55α via FBXL20, a p53-target gene that serves as a substrate recognition component of the SCF (Skp1_Cullin1_F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that promotes proteasomal degradation of its targeted proteins. Our studies show that inactivation of p53 by siRNA-knockdown, gene-deletion, HPV-E6-mediated degradation, or expression of the loss-of-function mutant p53 results in increased PR55α protein stability, which is accompanied by reduced protein expression of FBXL20 and decreased ubiquitination of PR55α.

Risk stratification for venous thrombosis in post-partum women in a tertiary care setup in south India.

Background & Objectives: The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) guidelines for thromboprophylaxis among post-partum women are recommended across Asia. This study was aimed to find the proportion of post-partum women eligible for thromboprophylaxis based on the RCOG guidelines and how many actually received it in a tertiary care health facility in south India.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 1652 consecutive women who delivered in the setup of tertiary care.

Efficacy of Pregabalin and Antioxidants Combination in Reducing Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis: A Double Blind Randomized Trial.

Background: In patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP), pain relief is a dilemma. Antioxidants with pregabalin therapy have been reported to be useful. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the efficacy of the combination of antioxidant and pregabalin therapy in reducing pain in patients with CP.

Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia on the Outcome in Term Neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To assess the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on the outcome in term neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in south India. Term infants with moderate to severe HIE were randomized to be treated with normothermia or hypothermia.

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Compared to Petrolatum Gauze and a Bogota Bag to Manage Postoperative Midline Abdominal Wound Dehiscence: A Pilot, Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Unlabelled: Treating postoperative abdominal wound dehiscence following abdominal surgery using negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has shown promising results.

Purpose: A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of NPWT for fascial closure/cutaneous cover compared to non-NPWT treatment using petrolatum gauze and a Bogota bag in patients with postoperative laparotomy wound dehiscence.

Methods: A single center, prospective, nonrandomized pilot study was conducted.

Association of serum omentin-1, apelin and chemerin concentrations with the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Omentin-1 is a novel adipokine with anti-inflammatory functions. Apelin is associated with hyperinsulinemia and pathological angiogenesis. Chemerin has both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions and implicated in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

Does Kangaroo Mother Care Reduce Anxiety in Postnatal Mothers of Preterm Babies? - A Descriptive Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in South India.

Background: To assess anxiety and depression among postnatal mothers of preterm babies and to evaluate whether Kangaroo mother care reduces their anxiety.

Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in south India. Anxiety and depression was assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in 2 groups of postnatal mothers (Pre Kangaroo mother care and post Kangaroo mother care) with 50 participants each and compared.

Comparison of Vacuum-Assisted Closure Therapy and Conventional Dressing on Wound Healing in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy has been shown to be beneficial in a variety of wounds. However, evidence of its benefit in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), especially with respect to Indian population, is sparse.

Methodology: This randomized controlled trial included DFUs of Wagner's Grades 1 and 2.

Same-day Smear Method Compared with Conventional Sputum Method for Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Background Patient compliance with the two-day Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme's (RNTCP) diagnostic process for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is poor in high case load settings, with a high dropout rate observed on the second day. Hence, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the same-day (spot-spot) sputum test for high-burden TB countries to help reduce diagnostic dropouts. This study addresses the paucity of comparative data on the accuracy and agreement of the two methods, while the WHO recommendations are yet to be implemented by the RNTCP.

The Ideal Size of Mesh for Open Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Morphometric Study in Patients with Inguinal Hernia.

Introduction This study was done to analyze the morphometric features of the inguinal canal with different types of inguinal hernias to determine the appropriate size of mesh required to cover potential sites of recurrence. A morphometric assessment in the particular population is essential to recommend the appropriate mesh size in inguinal hernias to cover all the potential sites of recurrence. Materials and methods This was a prospective observational study, including all consecutive patients undergoing open inguinal hernia repair under local/regional/general anesthesia over a period of three years.

Comparing the Harmonic Scalpel with Electrocautery in Reducing Postoperative Flap Necrosis and Seroma Formation after Modified Radical Mastectomy in Carcinoma Breast Patients: A Double-Blind Prospective Randomized Control Trail.

Introduction Only a few studies compare the efficacy of the harmonic scalpel and electrocautery in performing mastectomies, and these have mainly compared their intraoperative parameters. But the main concern with electrocautery is the incidence of flap necrosis and seroma formation. Therefore, this study was done to determine if the harmonic scalpel has any advantages over electrocautery in reducing postoperative flap necrosis and seroma formation in patients undergoing a modified radical mastectomy (MRM).

Does fortification of pasteurized donor human milk increase the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis among preterm neonates? A randomized controlled trial.

To compare the effect of fortified pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) versus unfortified PDHM on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and immediate outcome among preterm neonates. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital, south India included 80 healthy preterm neonates randomized to two groups (Group A and B). Neonates in Group A and B were fed with fortified PDHM and unfortified PDHM, respectively.