Circulating microRNA profiling identifies microRNAs linked to prediabetes associated with alcohol dependence syndrome.

Background: MicroRNAs are abundant in serum and have emerged as important regulators of gene expression, implicating them in a wide range of diseases. The purpose of this study was to discover and validate serum miRNAs in prediabetes associated with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS).

Method: Serum samples from ADS patients with or without prediabetes and normoglycemic controls were subjected to microarray.

Plasma microRNAs as a Potential Biomarker for Identification of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is the second most common Parkinsonian disorder with complex etiology. The underlying molecular mechanism of PSP pathogenesis remains unclear. The present study aims to find the feasibility of using plasma miRNAs as novel biomarkers.

Clinical Application of Circulating MicroRNAs in Parkinson's Disease: The Challenges and Opportunities as Diagnostic Biomarker.

Discovery of evolutionarily conserved, nonprotein-coding, endogenous microRNAs has induced a paradigm shift in the overall understanding of gene regulation. Now, microRNAs are considered and classified as master regulators of gene expression as they regulate a wide range of processes - gene regulation, splicing, translation and posttranscriptional modifications. Besides, dysregulated microRNAs have been related to many diseases, including Parkinson's and related disorders.

Role of MEK-ERK signaling mediated adhesion of glioma cells to extra-cellular matrix: Possible implication on migration and proliferation.

Background: Glioblastoma represents the most common primary brain tumor with a worst prognosis despite developments in neurosurgery and chemoradiotherapy. Detachment of the cells from the primary tumor tissue is a prerequisite for their dispersion and spreading. Initial and incessant dispersal of tumor cells from the primary tumor tissue renders GBM refractory to comprehensive surgical removal and increases the chance of recurrence and poorer prognosis.

Transcriptional modulation of calcium-permeable AMPA receptor subunits in glioblastoma by MEK-ERK1/2 inhibitors and their role in invasion.

Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor. Glioblastoma cells secrete a significant amount of glutamate, which serve as a potential growth factor in glioma pathobiology through their specific receptor subtypes including α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR). Glioblastoma express AMPAR subunits; however, its regulation and activation with downstream intracellular signaling are not well-understood.

Survival of glioblastoma cells in response to endogenous and exogenous oxidative challenges: possible implication of NMDA receptor-mediated regulation of redox homeostasis.

Cancer cells are highly metabolically active and produce high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Drug resistance in cancer cells is closely related to their redox status. The role of ROS and its impact on cancer cell survival seems far from elucidation.

TNF-α mediated MEK-ERK signaling in invasion with putative network involving NF-κB and STAT-6: a new perspective in glioma.

Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. Invasion involves pro-inflammatory cytokines and major signaling hubs. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) acts as a master switch in establishing an intricate link between inflammation and cancer.

MicroRNAs to differentiate Parkinsonian disorders: Advances in biomarkers and therapeutics.

Parkinsonian disorders are a set of progressive neurodegenerative movement disorders characterized by rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia, postural instability and their distinction has significant implications in terms of management and prognosis. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common among them. Its clinical diagnosis is challenging and, it can be misdiagnosed in the early stages.

Duodenal Lipomatosis as a Curious Cause of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed: A Report with Review of Literature.

Lipomas of the gastrointestinal tract are rare. Duodenal lipomas are incidental and mostly asymptomatic. Tumours may produce symptoms of abdominal pain and discomfort or cause bleeding due to ulceration or intestinal obstruction due to intussusception.

Sevoflurane and thiopental preconditioning attenuates the migration and activity of MMP-2 in U87MG glioma cells.

Background: Tumor cell migration and diffuse infiltration into brain parenchyma are known causes of recurrence after treatment in glioblastoma (GBM), mediated in part by the interaction of glioma cells with the extracellular matrix, followed by degradation of matrix by tumor cell derived proteases, particularly the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Sevoflurane and thiopental are anesthetics commonly used in cancer surgery. However, their effect on the progression of glioma cells remains unclear.

IL-1β microenvironment promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of human glioma cells.

Among the primary brain tumors, glioblastoma is the most common and severe. Glioblastoma have poor prognosis because of their highly diffusive growth pattern and invasion into surrounding brain tissue. Human glioblastoma cells overexpress interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and also the levels of IL-1β in U87MG glioma cells are significantly higher than in U373, T98G, A172 glioma cell lines.

Activation of NMDA receptor of glutamate influences MMP-2 activity and proliferation of glioma cells.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant glioma, which has high proliferative rate and an extremely invasive phenotype. Major limitations in the effective treatment of malignant gliomas are the proliferation and infiltration into the surrounding brain tissue. Although studies have shown that various stimuli promote glioma cell proliferation and invasion, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.