Publications by authors named "Palang Chotsiri"

The probability of target attainment (PTA) is a common metric in drug dose optimization, but it requires a specific known target concentration threshold. Such target thresholds are not always available for some treatments, and patient and disease groups, particularly when treating children. This study performed pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) simulations to explore different statistical approaches for determining the optimal dose for unknown PK and PKPD targets.

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The development of accurate predictions for a new drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion profiles in the early stages of drug development is crucial due to high candidate failure rates. The absence of comprehensive, standardised, and updated pharmacokinetic (PK) repositories limits pre-clinical predictions and often requires searching through the scientific literature for PK parameter estimates from similar compounds. While text mining offers promising advancements in automatic PK parameter extraction, accurate Named Entity Recognition (NER) of PK terms remains a bottleneck due to limited resources.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study investigates the effectiveness and safety of different primaquine dosing strategies in preventing relapsing Plasmodium vivax malaria in children under 15 years.
  • A systematic review was conducted, analyzing various studies involving children treated with primaquine, focusing on those who received treatment over multiple days and were followed up for at least 28 days.
  • The findings from 3514 children across 27 studies were compiled to analyze different dosing regimens, assess the risk of recurrent malaria, and evaluate tolerability and safety concerning adverse effects.
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Article Synopsis
  • Primaquine (PQ) is an anti-malarial drug recommended by WHO, but it can have harmful effects in individuals with G6PD deficiency, a condition affecting red blood cells.
  • This study involved administering a low dose of PQ to African males while monitoring drug levels and hemoglobin changes, finding that the drug's pharmacokinetics followed a simple one-compartment model and that body weight influenced clearance and volume.
  • Importantly, the results showed no significant decrease in hemoglobin levels post-treatment, suggesting that a single low dose of PQ is safe for G6PD-deficient patients.
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Background: This systematic review aimed to summarize and evaluate the prevalence of physical activity (PA) counseling in primary care.

Methods: Five databases (CINAHL Complete, Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, and Web of Science) were searched. Primary epidemiological studies on PA counseling in primary care were included.

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Background: Ascaris lumbricoides causes human ascariasis, the most prevalent helminth disease, infecting approximately 1 billion individuals globally. In 2019 the global disease burden was estimated to be 754,000 DALYs and resulted in 2090 deaths. In the absence of a vaccination strategy, treatment of ascariasis has relied on anthelminthic chemotherapy, but drug resistance is a concern.

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Introduction: Developing and evaluating novel compounds for treatment or prophylaxis of emerging infectious diseases is costly and time-consuming. Repurposing of already available marketed compounds is an appealing option as they already have an established safety profile. This approach could substantially reduce cost and time required to make effective treatments available to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.

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In the absence of drugs to treat or prevent COVID-19, drug repurposing can be a valuable strategy. Despite a substantial number of clinical trials, drug repurposing did not deliver on its promise. While success was observed with some repurposed drugs (e.

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Background: To address the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, multiple clinical trials in humans were rapidly started, including those involving an oral treatment by nitazoxanide, despite no or limited pre-clinical evidence of antiviral efficacy.

Methods: In this work, we present a complete pre-clinical evaluation of the antiviral activity of nitazoxanide against SARS-CoV-2.

Findings: First, we confirmed the in vitro efficacy of nitazoxanide and tizoxanide (its active metabolite) against SARS-CoV-2.

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African children under 5 years of age bear the main burden of global malaria mortality. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) plus amodiaquine (AQ) given monthly during the rainy season is a highly effective malaria intervention for children aged between 3 months and 5 years living in the Sahel region, a region of intense but seasonal malaria transmission. This intervention is now being considered for other regions of Africa where malaria parasites are more drug resistant.

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Chloroquine and azithromycin were developed in combination for the preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy, and more recently were proposed as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment options. Billions of doses of chloroquine have been administered worldwide over the past 70 years but concerns regarding cardiotoxicity, notably the risk of torsades de pointes (TdP), remain. This investigation aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetics and electrocardiographic effects of chloroquine and azithromycin observed in a large previously conducted healthy volunteer study.

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Background: Late treatment failures after artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for falciparum malaria have increased in the Greater Mekong subregion in southeast Asia. Addition of amodiaquine to artemether-lumefantrine could provide an efficacious treatment for multidrug-resistant infections.

Methods: We conducted an open-label, randomised trial at five hospitals or health centres in three locations (western Cambodia, eastern Cambodia, and Vietnam).

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Clinical studies have shown that adding a single 0.25 mg base/kg dose of primaquine to standard antimalarial regimens rapidly sterilizes Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes. However, the mechanism of action and overall impact on malaria transmission is still unknown.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide. This study aimed to assess and predict the incidence of COVID-19 in Thailand, including the preparation and evaluation of intervention strategies. An SEIR (susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered) model was implemented with model parameters estimated using the Bayesian approach.

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Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is a long-acting artemisinin combination treatment that provides effective chemoprevention and has been proposed as an alternative antimalarial drug for intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy (IPTp). Several pharmacokinetic studies have shown that dose adjustment may not be needed for the treatment of malaria in pregnancy with DP. However, there are limited data on the optimal dosing for IPTp.

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Background: Gnathostoma spinigerum is a harmful parasitic nematode that causes severe morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Effective drugs and vaccines and reliable diagnostic methods are needed to prevent and control the associated diseases; however, the lack of genome, transcriptome, and proteome databases remains a major limitation. In this study, transcriptomic and secretomic analyses of advanced third-stage larvae of G.

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Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) has been reported to be associated with increased malaria morbidity in Sub-Saharan African children and may affect the pharmacology of antimalarial drugs. This population pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic study included 131 SAM and 266 non-SAM children administered artemether-lumefantrine twice daily for 3 days. Lumefantrine capillary plasma concentrations were adequately described by two transit-absorption compartments followed by two distribution compartments.

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Young children are the population most severely affected by Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with amodiaquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine provides substantial benefit to this vulnerable population, but resistance to the drugs will develop. Here, we evaluate the use of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine as an alternative regimen in 179 children (aged 2.

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Aims: The aims of the present study were to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and piperaquine, potential drug-drug interactions with concomitant primaquine treatment, and piperaquine effects on the electrocardiogram in healthy volunteers.

Methods: The population pharmacokinetic properties of DHA and piperaquine were assessed in 16 healthy Thai adults using an open-label, randomized, crossover study. Drug concentration-time data and electrocardiographic measurements were evaluated with nonlinear mixed-effects modelling.

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Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine is an artemisinin-based combination treatment (ACT) recommended by the WHO for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria, and it is being used increasingly for resistant vivax malaria where combination with primaquine is required for radical cure. The WHO recently reinforced its recommendations to add a single dose of primaquine to ACTs to reduce P. falciparum transmission in low-transmission settings.

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Amodiaquine is effective for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria, but there is little information on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of amodiaquine in pregnant women with malaria. This study evaluated the population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of amodiaquine and its biologically active metabolite, desethylamodiaquine, in pregnant women with P. vivax infection and again after delivery.

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