Tetraspanin32 (TSPAN32) is downregulated in rheumatoid arthritis: Evidence from animal models and patients.

This study aimed to investigate the role of TSPAN32, a member of the tetraspanin family, in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The objective was to assess the expression levels of TSPAN32 in experimental RA models and in RA patient immune cells, exploring its potential as a regulatory factor in RA pathogenesis. The study employed adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice as experimental models.

High Interleukin 21 Levels in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Association with Clinical Variables and rs2221903 Polymorphism.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production and diverse tissue and organ inflammatory affections. Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is implicated in B cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, class switching, and immunoglobulin production; therefore, it is considered a key cytokine in the pathogenesis of SLE. However, its association with disease activity and clinical phenotypes remains unclear.

Exploring the Role of PD-1 in the Autoimmune Response: Insights into Its Implication in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Despite advances in understanding systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), many challenges remain in unraveling the precise mechanisms behind the disease's development and progression. Recent evidence has questioned the role of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in suppressing autoreactive CD4 T cells during autoimmune responses. Research has investigated the potential impacts of PD-1 on various CD4 T-cell subpopulations, including T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells, and T peripheral helper (Tph) cells, all of which exhibit substantial PD-1 expression and are closely related to several autoimmune disorders, including SLE.

BAFF system expression in double negative 2, activated naïve and activated memory B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Introduction: B cell activating factor (BAFF) has an important role in normal B cell development. The aberrant expression of BAFF is related with the autoimmune diseases development like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) for promoting self-reactive B cells survival. BAFF functions are exerted through its receptors BAFF-R (BR3), transmembrane activator calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) that are reported to have differential expression on B cells in SLE.

BAFFR expression in circulating T follicular helper (CD4CXCR5PD-1) and T peripheral helper (CD4CXCR5PD-1) cells in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) and T peripheral helper (Tph) subpopulations are shown to be higher in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and have been involved in promoting extrafollicular B cell responses. However, a possible association with the B cell activating factor (BAFF), a cytokine mainly related to B cell responses and disease activity in SLE, has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association of cTfh and Tph subpopulations with the BAFF system expression and clinical activity in SLE patients.

Evaluation of Serum Levels of Cytokines in Acute Apical Abscess: A Longitudinal Observational Study.

Introduction: Cytokine levels are related to the aethiopathogenia of acute apical abscesses (AAA); however, the specific cytokine profiles in these cases are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the changes in systemic cytokine levels in patients with AAA and trismus onset, postantibiotic treatment, and postroot canal disinfection.

Methods: In total, 46 AAA patients with trismus and 32 control subjects were included.

Analysis of -1123 G>C, +788 G>A and +1858 C>T Polymorphisms in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.

Background: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune exocrinopathy characterized by lymphocytic infiltration, glandular dysfunction and systemic manifestations. Lyp protein is a negative regulator of the T cell receptor encoded by the () gene. Multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene have been associated with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.

Renal Tissue Expression of BAFF and BAFF Receptors Is Associated with Proliferative Lupus Nephritis.

Background: The B-cell activating factor (BAFF) controls the maturation and survival of B cells. An imbalance in this cytokine has been associated with systemic autoimmunity in SLE and lupus nephritis (LN). However, few investigations have evaluated the tissular expression of BAFF in LN.

TNFSF13B rs9514828 gene polymorphism and soluble B cell activating factor levels: Association with apical periodontitis.

Aim: The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the association between the TNFSF13B rs9514828 (-871 C > T) polymorphism and soluble BAFF (sBAFF) in apical periodontitis (AP) patients.

Methodology: Two hundred and sixty one healthy subjects (HS) and 158 patients with AP classified as: 46 acute apical abscess (AAA), 81 primary AP (pAP) and 31 secondary AP (sAP) patients were included. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from peripheral blood cells according to the salting out method.

Altered and mRNA Expression Is Associated with Disease Activity and Renal Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with very heterogeneous clinical behavior between affected individuals. Therefore, the search for biomarkers clinically useful for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of the disease is necessary. Here, we determined the association between , , , and mRNA expression with the clinical characteristics and with the serum levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-17 in SLE patients.

Gene Polymorphisms (IVS1 + 173 T/C and c. 1624 C/T) in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients: Analysis of ICOS Expression.

Background: Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, which affects exocrine glands. T cell activation is a trigger mechanism in the immune response. Hyperreactivity of T cells and antibody production are features in pSS.

Analysis of TNFSF13B polymorphisms and BAFF expression in rheumatoid arthritis and primary Sjögren's syndrome patients.

Background: The increased expression of B cell-activating factor (BAFF) has been linked to autoantibody production in autoimmune diseases (ADs). The aim of this study was to investigate the association among TNFSF13B gene (OMIM: 603969) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), TNFSF13B mRNA, and soluble BAFF (sBAFF) expression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The diagnostic value of sBAFF also was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic or receptor (ROC) curves.

Cytokine profiles and clinical characteristics in primary Sjögren´s syndrome patient groups.

Background: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a lymphocytic infiltrate in salivary glands driving to epithelial damage. The pSS patients present heterogenic clinical and serological characteristics. This heterogenicity could be due to the cytokine microenvironment.

Expression of BAFF and BAFF receptors in primary Sjögren's syndrome patients with ectopic germinal center-like structures.

B cell-activating factor (BAFF) is an essential cytokine in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) physiopathology. It has been reported that pSS patients develop germinal center-like (GC-like) structures in their minor salivary glands (MSGs). BAFF, BAFF-R, TACI, and BCMA expression was analyzed in MSGs from 29 subjects (nonspecific chronic sialadenitis and focal lymphocytic sialadenitis with the presence [pSS-GC(+)] or absence [pSS-GC(-)] of GC-like structures).

Analysis of the receptor BCMA as a biomarker in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

B cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) play central roles in B cell development and maturation. Soluble forms of their receptors can be generated by proteolytic cleavage; however, their physiological and clinical roles are unknown. This study aimed to assess the relationships between the receptor soluble B cell maturation antigen (sBCMA) and clinical variables in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

The -675 4G/5G polymorphism confers genetic susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus, its clinical manifestations, and comorbidities in Mexican-Mestizo population.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involves a broad range of factors that contribute to the development of the disease and its comorbidities. Genetic predisposition influences the development of SLE, and the -675 4G/5G polymorphism has been associated with several pathologies with a chronic inflammatory component. Our objective was to investigate the genetic association between the -675 4G/5G polymorphism with SLE, its clinical manifestations, and comorbidities in a Mexican-Mestizo population.

Analysis of Electronic Apex Locators in Human Teeth Diagnosed With Apical Periodontitis.

Electronic apex locators (EAL) have been used to establish the working length (WL) in root canal treatment. In teeth diagnosed with apical periodontitis, resorption of tooth apical structures can lead to difficulties to obtain an appropriate WL. The aim was to compare the capacity of three EAL's (Root ZX II, Raypex 6 and Endo-Eze Quill) to locate the tip of the K-file between 0 to -0.

Association of soluble CD40 levels with -1 C > T CD40 polymorphism and chronic kidney disease in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: CD40 is a transmembrane protein mainly expressed on the antigen-presenting cells surface. CD40 plays a crucial role in immunoglobulin class switching and antibodies production. Genetic polymorphisms in the CD40 gene have been associated with increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in several populations.

Assessment of CD40 and CD40L expression in rheumatoid arthritis patients, association with clinical features and DAS28.

The predominance of the effector mechanisms by CD4 + T cells is a characteristic of inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The CD40/CD40L costimulatory pathway contributes to these pathogenic mechanisms by promoting autoantibody production and inflammation. Aberrant expression of CD40 and CD40L in RA patients has been shown, the latter prevailing in females.

B-cell activating factor receptor expression is associated with germinal center B-cell maintenance.

B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is a major cytokine that regulates B-cell survival, maturation and differentiation through its binding with its receptors: BAFF receptor (BAFF-R), transmembrane activator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA). These receptors have been demonstrated to be involved in tertiary lymphoid structure formation; however, their role in germinal centers (GCs) has remained elusive. The aim of the present study was to determine the expression profiles of BAFF and its receptors in secondary lymphoid tissues.

High BAFF expression associated with active disease in systemic lupus erythematosus and relationship with rs9514828C>T polymorphism in TNFSF13B gene.

B cell-activating factor (BAFF) promotes the survival, proliferation and maturation of B lymphocytes, which are key elements in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This cytokine is encoded on TNFSF13B gene, and diverse single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility in different autoimmune disorders. In this study, the relationship of TNFSF13B gene rs9514827T>C, rs1041567T>A and rs9514828C>T polymorphisms, mRNA expression and soluble BAFF levels was investigated in 175 SLE patients and 208 healthy controls (HC).

PTPN22 +788 G>A (R263Q) Polymorphism is Associated with mRNA Expression but it is not a Susceptibility Marker for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients from Western Mexico.

PTPN22 represents an important non-HLA gene that has been strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. Several studies have reported a specific genetic variant for PTPN22 (+788 G>A; rs33996649) that might be associated with decreased RA risk in Caucasian population; nevertheless, its specific role in western Mexican population has not been yet described. A case-control study with 443 RA patients and 317 control subjects (CS) was conducted.

BAFF-R and TACI expression on CD3+ T cells: Interplay among BAFF, APRIL and T helper cytokines profile in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototype of systemic autoimmune disease, characterized by loss of immune tolerance against self-antigens where autoantibody production is the hallmark of disease. B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) and A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are cytokines that promote autoreactive cell survival, immunoglobulin-class switching and autoantibody responses in human and mouse SLE models. BAFF and APRIL exert their functions through interactions with their receptors BAFF-R and TACI that are differentially expressed in B lymphocyte subsets, monocytes, dendritic cells and T lymphocytes.

PTPN22 1858C>T polymorphism is associated with increased CD154 expression and higher CD4+ T cells percentage in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Background: CD40 is a costimulatory molecule for B cells, and CD154 is a marker of CD4+ T cells activation. CD40-CD154 interaction promotes pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and autoantibodies production. PTPN22 gene encodes LYP protein, an inhibitor of T- and B-cell activation.