An Interesting Case of Hydatid Cyst of Liver Concomitant with Hydatid Cyst of Broad Ligament: A Case Report.

Hydatid cyst is an anthropozoonotic disease caused by for which man is an accidental intermediate host. The hydatid disease commonly involves the liver and lungs. Involvement of extrahepaticopulmonary sites is extremely rare and only a few isolated cases have been reported.

The MEMORY Study: MulticentEr study of Minimally invasive surgery versus Open Radical hYsterectomy in the management of early-stage cervical cancer: Survival outcomes.

Objective: The Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer (LACC) trial found that minimally invasive radical hysterectomy compared to open radical hysterectomy compromised oncologic outcomes and was associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in early-stage cervical carcinoma. We sought to assess oncologic outcomes at multiple centers between minimally invasive (MIS) radical hysterectomy and OPEN radical hysterectomy.

Methods: This is a multi-institutional, retrospective cohort study of patients with 2009 FIGO stage IA1 (with lymphovascular space invasion) to IB1 cervical carcinoma from 1/2007-12/2016.

Molecular profiles of endometrial cancer tumors among Black patients.

Objectives: Disparate outcomes exist between Black and White patients with endometrial cancer (EC). One contributing factor is the disproportionately low representation of Black patients in clinical trials and in tumor molecular profiling studies. Our objective was to investigate molecular profiles of ECs in a cohort with a high proportion of tumors from Black patients.

Case series on variable presentations of tuberculosis of the breast.

Tuberculosis (TB) of the breast is extremely rare and is often mistaken for benign or malignant lesions of the breast. They are rare even in countries which are endemic for TB, like India. The most common type of clinical presentation is a vague lump in the breast, but there are even other types of presentations which are documented.

Minority participation in phase 1 gynecologic oncology clinical trials: Three decades of inequity.

Objectives: It is important to develop effective therapies in minorities to ensure equity in cancer care. Underrepresentation of minorities in early phase trials may cause therapies that are effective only in majority populations. We evaluated minority participation in gynecologic oncology phase 1 clinical trials.

Effect of a single hemodialysis session on endothelial dysfunction.

Background: The mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction induced by hemodialysis are unclear. To gain a mechanistic view we have evaluated some of the biochemical markers which directly or indirectly lead to endothelial dysfunction during a single dialysis session.

Methods: Time course changes in plasma nitrate levels, arginine (ARG), citrulline, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), homocysteine (Hcy), malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) were evaluated in 27 patients with end-stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis.

Recombinant human interferon-alpha does not alter reward behavior, or neuroimmune and neuroendocrine activation in rats.

Recombinant human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) induces depression, and neuroendocrine and neuroimmune activation, in a significant number of patients undergoing treatment for viral illnesses (e.g., hepatitis C), yet these effects have not been consistently reproduced in rodents.

Effects of progesterone and estrogen on endothelial dysfunction in porcine coronary arteries.

Background: The effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the vascular endothelium have been controversial. In this study, we determined the effects of HRT on endothelium-dependent relaxation in a porcine coronary artery model.

Methods: Coronary artery rings harvested from female swine were incubated as controls or with estrogen (10(-9), 10(-8), 10(-7) g/L), progesterone (1 x 10(-6), 1 x 10(-5), 5 x 10(-5) g/L), or a combination of the two (10(-8)g/L estrogen, 1 x 10(-5)g/L progesterone).

Abdominal aortic surgery in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Purpose: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is known to cause acquired immune deficiency syndrome, which has been associated with a wide array of cardiovascular pathologies. This report examined the clinical outcome of patients infected with HIV who underwent abdominal aortic reconstruction for aneurysm or occlusive disease.

Methods: Hospital and clinic records of all patients with HIV infection who underwent an abdominal aortic operation were reviewed during an 11-year period.

Carotid artery stenting with routine cerebral protection in high-risk patients.

Background: Carotid artery stenting has emerged as an alternative treatment modality in carotid occlusive disease. This study examined our experience of carotid stenting with routine cerebral embolization protection in high-risk patients.

Methods: Clinical variables and treatment outcome of high-risk patients who underwent carotid stenting with neuroprotection were analyzed during a 26-month period.

A prospective evaluation of interrupted nitinol surgical clips in arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis.

Background: The use of a self-closing nitinol surgical clip (Coalescent Surgical U-Clip) is a novel technique of creating an interrupted vascular anastomosis, which also eliminates the knot tying associated with a conventional vascular anastomosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcome of arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) for hemodialysis as constructed using interrupted U-Clip devices and conventional continuous polypropylene sutures.

Methods: We prospectively studied the clinical course of 132 patients (149 access) undergoing either forearm autologous arteriovenous fistula (FAVF, n = 69) or upper arm autologous arteriovenous fistula (UAVF, n = 80) or creations during a 39-month period.

Hiv Tat protein causes endothelial dysfunction in porcine coronary arteries.

Purpose: Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection is often associated with chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis. However, the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. We examined the effect of Tat protein, an HIV regulatory protein, on endothelial function in porcine coronary arteries.

One hundred citation classics in general surgical journals.

The number of times an article is cited in scientific journals reflects its impact on a specific biomedical field or specialty and reflects the impact of the authors' creativity. Our objective was to identify and analyze the characteristics of the 100 most frequently cited articles published in journals dedicated to general surgery and its close subspecialties. Using the database (1945-1995) of the Science Citation Index of the Institute for Scientific Information, 1500 articles cited 100 times and more were identified and the top 100 articles selected for further analysis.

Redundant surgical publications: tip of the iceberg?

Background: A redundant publication is one which duplicates previous, simultaneous, or future publications by the same author or group or, alternatively, could have been combined with the latter into one paper. As there is no information about the extent of this problem in the surgical literature, we set out to assess the incidence, spectrum, and salient characteristics of redundant publications in 3 leading surgical journals.

Methods: Original articles (excluding reviews, editorials, abstracts, and letters) published during 1998 in the journals Surgery, The British Journal of Surgery, and Archives of Surgery were searched by using the on-line search engine PUBMED.

What American surgeons read: a survey of a thousand Fellows of the American College of Surgeons.

PURPOSE: The modern American surgeon is immersed in an ever-deepening sea of printed and electronic information. Although publishers know how many books and journals they sell, and journals can quote their calculated impact factor, no information exists whatsoever about what surgeons read. Which surgical journals are "popular," and how does it compare with their impact factor (IF)? Our objective was to assess the sources of information and reading habits of American surgeons and to compare the "popularity" of journals with their IFs.

Spontaneous perforation of the hepatic duct in adults.

Background: Nontraumatic perforations of the extrahepatic biliary ductal system are a rare albeit recognized occurrence in the cystic duct, choledochus and main hepatic duct; the latter appears to be the rarest.

Methods: Recent experience with such a case prompted a thorough review of 26 similar cases previously reported.

Results: It appears that obstruction of the biliary tract by gallstones results in raised intraductal pressure leading to dilatation of the biliary tree, subsequent stasis and infection, causing ascending cholangitis and thrombosis of intramural vessels, leading to necrosis and perforation of the duct wall.

Effects of 5-azacytidine in Syrian golden hamsters: toxicity, tumorigenicity, and differential modulation of bronchial carcinogenesis.

5-Azacytidine (AZC) was studied in a lung cancer model in outbred and syngeneic (F1D) hamsters wherein benzol[a]pyrene (BP) from sustained release implants (SRI) induces preneoplastic mucosal changes which progress to bronchogenic cancer. In pilot studies to evaluate AZC toxicity, a dose schedule of 5 mg/kg biweekly was found suitable and was then used for long-term administration in all subsequent studies. Three groups of outbred hamsters were studied: BP SRi alone (n = 60), BP SRI + AZC (n = 60), and AZC alone (n = 54).

Differential susceptibility to bronchial carcinogenesis in syngeneic hamsters.

Previous studies of chemical carcinogenesis in the lung of Syrian golden hamsters have utilized outbred (nonsyngeneic) animals. Using the endobronchial sustained release implant technique, which causes focally originating cancers in outbred hamsters, we studied the course of bronchial carcinogenesis in two varieties of syngeneic Syrian golden hamsters, the LSH and the F1D strains (BIO 15.16 male X BIO 87.

Endobronchial carcinogenesis in dogs.

A canine model of squamous cell lung cancer has been developed through studies with 110 dogs exposed by 11 focal endobronchial regimens to chemical carcinogens: benzo(a)pyrene, nitrosomethylurea, methylcholanthrene, and dimethylbenzanthracene. A combination of nitrosomethylurea and benzo(a)pyrene caused the first invasive cancer after 5.5 years.

Carcinogenesis in heterotopic respiratory epithelium in canine subcutaneous bronchial autografts.

Short bronchial segments obtained by pneumonectomy were implanted, 9-12 per dog, in the subcutaneous tissues of the back of seven dogs. These subcutaneous bronchial autografts (SBA) became vascularized, and they contained viable, histologically normal respiratory epithelium 4 wk after implantation. From 1-3 mo after implantation, 10% methylcholanthrene in steroid suspension medium was instilled into 21 SBAs, and 10% methylcholanthrene in a silicone polymer sustained release implant was placed in 22 SBAs.

Clonal evolution of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia to a T-large-cell lymphoma. A morphologic and immunologic study.

We describe a patient with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia who developed a large-cell lymphoma of the T-cell type. The neoplastic cells of the large-cell lymphoma demonstrated the same immunologic phenotype (ER+, Leu-3+, Leu-2-, and HLA ABC+) as the cells of the prolymphocytic leukemia, which indicated a clonal evolution of a T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia into a large-cell lymphoma of the T-cell phenotype.

Bronchopulmonary Kulchitzky cell carcinomas. A new classification scheme for typical and atypical carcinoids.

Typical and atypical carcinoids constitute less than 5% of lung tumors. They and small cell undifferentiated lung cancers (SCLC) belong to the same family of apudomas arising from bronchopulmonary Kulchitzky cells. To reflect the overlap among these cancers, the authors suggest calling them Kulchitzky cell carcinomas (KCC); to indicate their spectrum of aggressiveness, the authors suggest calling typical carcinoids KCC-I, atypical carcinoids KCC-II, and small cell cancers KCC-III.

A family of epidermoid lung cancer models.

A method of sustained release implantation has been developed whereby Silastic cylinders, impregnated with benzo[alpha]pyrene (BP) or methylcholanthrene (MCA) each at 2% (low dose) and 10% (high dose) concentrations, were inserted into the bronchus intermedius of hamsters. High-dose BP and MCA, and low-dose MCA had first-order exponential release rates: the half-time of release was 40 days for high-dose BP, 30 days for high-dose MCA, and 165 days for low-dose MCA. Release rate of low-dose BP was a second-order function: half-time of release was 40 days.