Prediction of methylphenidate treatment response for ADHD using conventional and radiomics T1 and DTI features: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is commonly treated with methylphenidate (MPH). Although highly effective, MPH treatment still has a relatively high non-response rate of around 30%, highlighting the need for a better understanding of treatment response. Radiomics of T1-weighted images and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) combined with machine learning approaches could offer a novel method for assessing MPH treatment response.

Stimulant medication and symptom interrelations in children, adolescents and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Stimulant medication is effective in alleviating overall symptom severity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet interindividual variability in treatment response and tolerability still exists. While network analysis has identified differences in ADHD symptom relations, the impact of stimulant medication remains unexplored. Increased understanding of this association could provide valuable insights for optimizing treatment approaches for individuals with ADHD.

Stimulant medication use and apparent cortical thickness development in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a prospective longitudinal study.

Background: Stimulant medication is commonly prescribed as treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While we previously found that short-term stimulant-treatment influences apparent cortical thickness development in an age-dependent manner, it remains unknown whether these effects persist throughout development into adulthood.

Purpose: Investigate the long-term age-dependent effects of stimulant medication use on apparent cortical thickness development in adolescents and adults previously diagnosed with ADHD.

Osteochondral allograft transplantation for treating medial femoral condyle subchondral bone cyst in a 14-year-old standardbred horse: a case report.

Allograft arthroplasty is a promising cartilage-resurfacing technique. A 14-year-old horse was diagnosed with a medial femoral condyle subchondral bone cyst. Allografts were harvested from a young donor animal and implanted to fill the cyst cavity.

Cortical thickness abnormalities in long-term remitted Cushing's disease.

Long-term remitted Cushing's disease (LTRCD) patients commonly continue to present persistent psychological and cognitive deficits, and alterations in brain function and structure. Although previous studies have conducted gray matter volume analyses, assessing cortical thickness and surface area of LTRCD patients may offer further insight into the neuroanatomical substrates of Cushing's disease. Structural 3T magnetic resonance images were obtained from 25 LTRCD patients, and 25 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs).

Human Pasteurellosis Health Risk for Elderly Persons Living with Companion Animals.

The necessity for diagnosis and treatment of this infection is emphasized by the high number of complications and death rate.

Culture- and PCR-based detection of BV associated microbiological profile of the removed IUDs and correlation with the time period of IUD in place and the presence of the symptoms of genital tract infection.

Objectives: The long-term use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) may lead to biofilm formation on the surface. The aim of this study was to perform the culture- and PCR-based detection of bacteria/fungi from the biofilm of the removed IUDs with different time periods in place.

Methods: For a 2-year period, 100 IUD users were involved in the study.

[Oral disease-modifying agents in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis].

In relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, only parenteral immunomodulatory treatments existed for 15 years, until 2010. In recent years, novel disease-modifying agents became available with new mechanisms of action and oral application, which expanded therapeutic options. Thus, when making therapeutic decisions, more and new aspects should be considered, and the daily practice of patient management has been changed due to the different profile of possible side-effects.

The modifying effect a PMP22 deletion in a family with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1 neuropathy due to an EGR2 mutation.

Background: Mutations of both the PMP22 and EGR2 genes cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease type 1. Deletion of the PMP22 gene, results in hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies. More publications exist about the interaction of PMP22 duplication and other CMT-causing gene mutations.

Immunosuppressants increase the levels of natural autoantibodies reactive with glycosaminoglycans in myasthenia gravis.

Increasing number of evidences support the role of glycosylation in the evolution of autoimmunity. We examined carbohydrate-reactive natural autoantibodies systematically for the first time in patients with autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Antibodies reactive to glycosaminoglycans were measured with CovaLink ELISA in the sera of 59 myasthenia patients as well as in 54 healthy controls.

Bayesian systems-based genetic association analysis with effect strength estimation and omic wide interpretation: a case study in rheumatoid arthritis.

Rich dependency structures are often formed in genetic association studies between the phenotypic, clinical, and environmental descriptors. These descriptors may not be standardized, and may encompass various disease definitions and clinical endpoints which are only weakly influenced by various (e.g.

Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes for immunoregulatory galectins: association of galectin-8 (F19Y) occurrence with autoimmune diseases in a Caucasian population.

Background: Galectins are potent immune regulators, with galectin-8 acting as a pro-apoptotic effector on synovial fluid cells and thymocytes and stimulator on T-cells. To set a proof-of-principle example for risk assessment in autoimmunity, and for a mutation affecting physiological galectin sensor functions, a polymorphism in the coding region of the galectin-8 gene (rs2737713; F19Y) was studied for its association with two autoimmune disorders, i.e.

Predictors of oral contraceptive use among teenaged girls in southeastern Hungary.

Objective: To assess the main determinants of oral contraceptive (OC) use among teenaged girls in southeastern Hungary.

Methods: A questionnaire was self-administered by 332 participants aged 14 to 19 years seen at the Contraception Outpatient Clinic for Teenagers located in the Department of the Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of Szeged from May 1, 2005, to March 31, 2006.

Results: Approximately half of the respondents (48.

The effect of the CYP 2C19*2 polymorphism on stroke care.

Clopidogrel is an inhibitor of platelet-aggregation used in the prevention of secondary stroke. The molecule is activated by the cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) enzyme. The frequent CYP2C19*2 point mutation causes loss of enzyme function, a decreased (heterozygous form) or blocked (homozygous form) formation of the active molecule.

Effects of aromatase inhibitor on menopausal hyperplasia in a case of obesity.

The aromatase inhibitor anastrazole proved effective in the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia and postmenopausal bleeding in an obese 65-year-old woman with high operative risk. During anastrazole administration for 12 months, the endometrial thickness decreased from 9.8 mm to 2.

Interleukin-4 receptor alpha polymorphisms in autoimmune myasthenia gravis in a Caucasian population.

Autoimmune myasthenia gravis is a T-cell-dependent, antibody-mediated, rare neuromuscular disorder. Interleukin-4, acting via interleukin-4 receptor alpha, plays a pivotal role in B-cell differentiation and antibody production and has been implicated to influence disease progression in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Polymorphisms of the interleukin-4 receptor alpha gene have been shown to be associated with various autoimmune diseases.

[Therapy for anti-MuSK antibody positive myasthenia gravis].

The authors report the case of a 27-year-old woman with muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase antibody positive myasthenia with predominantly ocular and bulbar symptoms. Both edrophonium and low dose (4×30 mg/day) pyridostigmin resulted in cholinergic side effects including fasciculation mainly in the facial and neck muscles, and excessive salivation. The patient responded well to a relatively high dose of chronic corticosteroid treatment (methyprednisolone 64mg/day), but the decrease of the corticosteroid dose below 16 mg/day induced exacerbation of the clinical symptoms.

Membrane vesicles, current state-of-the-art: emerging role of extracellular vesicles.

Release of membrane vesicles, a process conserved in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, represents an evolutionary link, and suggests essential functions of a dynamic extracellular vesicular compartment (including exosomes, microparticles or microvesicles and apoptotic bodies). Compelling evidence supports the significance of this compartment in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. However, classification of membrane vesicles, protocols of their isolation and detection, molecular details of vesicular release, clearance and biological functions are still under intense investigation.

Hepatitis C virus RNA replication requires a conserved structural motif within the transmembrane domain of the NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B), the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), is a tail-anchored protein with a highly conserved C-terminal transmembrane domain (TMD) that is required for the assembly of a functional replication complex. Here, we report that the TMD of the HCV RdRp can be functionally replaced by a newly identified analogous membrane anchor of the GB virus B (GBV-B) NS5B RdRp. Replicons with a chimeric RdRp consisting of the HCV catalytic domain and the GBV-B membrane anchor replicated with reduced efficiency.

A novel galectin-1 and interleukin 2 receptor β haplotype is associated with autoimmune myasthenia gravis.

Galectin-1 (LGALS1) and interleukin receptor 2β (IL2Rβ) are regulators of T-cell activation. Here we evaluated the association of regulatory region polymorphisms of the LGALS1 (rs4820293, rs4820294) and IL2Rβ (rs743777, rs228941) genes in 146 Caucasian myasthenia gravis patients compared to 291 ethnically matched controls. A significant difference was found in the distribution of the rs4820293/rs743777 polymorphism haplotypes (p<0.

Novel heteroplasmic mutation in the anticodon stem of mitochondrial tRNA(Lys) associated with dystonia and stroke-like episodes.

Objectives: We report a novel heteroplasmic mitochondrial tRNA(Lys) mutation associated with dystonia, stroke-like episodes, sensorineural hearing loss and epilepsy in a Hungarian family.

Material And Methods: A 16-year-old boy, his brother and mother were investigated. Thorough clinical investigation as well as electrophysiological, neuroradiological and myopathological examinations were performed.

Oestrogen receptor alpha gene intronic polymorphisms and autoimmune myasthenia gravis in Caucasian women.

Autoimmune myasthenia gravis is a disorder with a complex pathomechanism in which sex hormones, in particular oestrogen, have long been considered to play a role. Here we report the result of a case-control study which evaluated the association of two oestrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms with myasthenia gravis in Caucasian patients. PvuII (rs2234693) and XbaI (rs9340799) restriction fragment polymorphisms of the oestrogen receptor alpha gene were analyzed in 113 female myasthenia patients and 184 female controls.

HoxC4 binds to the promoter of the cytidine deaminase AID gene to induce AID expression, class-switch DNA recombination and somatic hypermutation.

The cytidine deaminase AID (encoded by Aicda in mice and AICDA in humans) is critical for immunoglobulin class-switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM). Here we show that AID expression was induced by the HoxC4 homeodomain transcription factor, which bound to a highly conserved HoxC4-Oct site in the Aicda or AICDA promoter. This site functioned in synergy with a conserved binding site for the transcription factors Sp1, Sp3 and NF-kappaB.